129 
spirit! ; an alternative method is 1} litres of the “standard dena- 
turant ” and 2 litres of benzol to 100 litres of ethyl alcohol, pi 
for heating, lighting and various manufactures. Various methods a 
allowed for denaturing, sufficient to prevent drinking, but aaitahie 
for various uses in which complete denaturing as above would not 
be practicable. The process in the United States is 10 gallons 
wood alcohol, 4 gallon of benzine, to 100 gallons . ibe alcohol? ; 
in England 10 per cent. methyl alcohol, and 3 cent. benzine,! 
and in the sen tencia the formula is 97° 5 rettified spilt 2°0 wood 
spirit and 0°5 pyridin 
Other instances wig be quoted, but the above go to show that 
the methods of denaturing are alrnost universally the same. 
Alcohol is in most countries an important source of revenue, 
and the Seep ume aaa staan and use are all more or 
less regulated b 
The chief uses to which the denatured product or “ industrial 
alcohol” is put are heating, lighting, and motive power—converted 
into gas or as fuel. is not unusual even now in agricultural 
operations for alcohol to be spent in working machinery over the 
same ground which grew the material from which it was developed, 
and its value will increase in proportion to the improvements made 
camphor, gelatine, lanolin, soap, raed artificial silk, various 
chemical and pharmaceutical preparations, photographic paper, 
plates, &c., ink, coal-tar colours, vinegar, smokeless powder, 
This paper claims little more than merely to indicate the anes 
from which alcohol is obtained, and though it probably does not 
exhaust ail the possible sources, it covers the best known. 
The following list of papers includes the more important literature 
on the subject in addition to the references given in the text 
Agric. News, Barbados. “The Pulque Maguey of Mexico,” 
vii, 1908, p. 287. 
Allan, C. é The prpeskgncseniiy ae Jamaica Rum,” in West 
Indian Bull. vil. 1906, pp. 
Barnes, FE, “ Alcohol se Tndostrial Purposes,” in Natal 
gric. Journ, xiii. 1909, pp. 2 
Barraclough, Thos... Industrial Alcohol and Fibre from Leaves 
and Stems of Plants,” i . ans British Trade Journ. Oct., 
1908 ; Jan. and March, 1 
Brachvogel dk % Faia? ‘Alcohol : Its Manufacture and 
Uses.” = pp. 1-530 (Tropical Life Publishing Dept., 
Dumesny, P. & Noye es, J. “Wood Products: Distillates and 
Extracts,” pp. 1-314, illustrated. Translated by D. Grant 
(Scott, Greenwood & Son, London, 1908). 
1 Le. No. 299, Aug. 1905, p. 245. 
2 Mon. Cons. & Trade Rep. Washington, No. 315, 1906, p. 192, 
2 ; Le. oo 313, 1906, p. 1 
f Trade Journ. or 2nd, 1909, p. 420. 
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