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Cartilage, a flexible fibrous sub- 
stance by which the valves 
are united. 
Cartilaginous, resembling a liga- 
ment. 
Chambered, divided by partti- 
tions. 
Cicatrix, the muscular impres- 
sion. 
Ciliated, edged with bristles or 
hairs. 
Cinerous, of an ash colour. 
Clavate, club-shaped. 
Columella, the upright pillar of 
the shell. 
Complicated, doubled together. 
Compressed, flattened. 
Concave, hollowed out. 
Concentric, running to the cen- 
tre. 
Cone, the form of a sugar loaf. 
Convolute, whorls running 
round. 
Confluent, running together. 
Conoid, figure like a cone. 
Contorted, twisted in oblique 
direction. 
Contracted, shortened, shrunk 
up. 
Cordate, heart shape. 
Cordiform, form of a heart. 
Coriaceous, leather-like consist- 
ence. 
Corneus, resembling horn. 
Coronal, resembling a crown. 
Coronated, crowned towards the 
apex. 
Costated, ribbed. 
Cortex, anterior skin. 
Crenulated, notched at the mar- 
gin. 
Crispated, with waving lines. 
Cuneform, wedge form. 
Cylindrical, round like a roller. 
Cybiform, boat-shaped. 
CONCHOLOGY, 
D: 
Decollated, truncated  trans- 
versely. 
Decorticated, divested of epi- 
dermis. 
Decussated, lines intersecting 
each other. 
Deflexed, bent aside. 
Dentated, having teeth. 
Depressed, shallow, flat. 
Diaphanous, clear, pellucid. 
Digitated, having finger-like 
claws. 
Disk, the highest part of the 
valves. 
Divaricated, spreading out. 
Divergent, tending to a point. 
Dorsal, belonging to the back. 
Dotted, punctured like a thim- 
ble. 
Duplicated, divided into plaits 
or folds. 
E. 
Ears, projections on the sides 
of the hinge. 
Echinated, set with spires. 
Effuse, spread out. 
Elliptical, oval. 
Elongated, drawn out. 
Emarginated, with the edge 
notched. 
Ensisform, sabre-shaped. 
Entire, whole. 
Epidermis, the outer coating of 
a shell. 
Equilateral, all sides alike. 
Equivalve, both sides alike. 
Exserted, protruding. 
F. 
Falcated, hooped like a scythe. 
Fasciated, covered with bands. 
Ferruginous, of an iron colour. 
Filament, a thread-like process. 
