188 Psyche [December 



n = nucleus. s = setae. 



nc = nerve-cord. sg = salivary glands. 



ns = neural septum. sgd = salivary gland duct. 



oe = oesophagus. sce = suboesophageal ganglion. 



oev = oesophageal valve. tg = thoracic ganglion. 



pe = peritoneal membrane. tm = transverse muscles. 



ph = pharynx. tr = trachea. 



pm = peri trophic membrane. vm = valve muscles. 



pp = pharyngeal pump. y = yolk. 



pro = pro thorax. 1, 2, 3 = coxae. 



R, rec= rectum. 



ON THE EARLY STAGES OF SOME WESTERN 

 CATOCALA SPECIES. 



By Wm. Barnes M. D. and J. McDunnough Ph. D. 

 Decatur, 111. 



It was our good fortune in the autumn of 1912 to obtain ova of 

 several species of Catocala whose early stages had never been stud- 

 ied. Most of these we successfully bred through to the adult 

 stage; colored figures of the larvse have been made and will be 

 published later in connection with Beutenmuller's Monograph of 

 the Genus Catocala, which we have been asked by the trustees 

 of the American Museum to revise and complete for publication; 

 in the meantime we offer the following notes on the larval stages. 

 The species in question may be roughly divided into two groups — 

 the oak feeders, comprising zoe, aholibah, ophelia, beutenmuelleri, 

 and desdemona, and the willow and poplar feeders consisting of 

 faustina, calif ornica, irene, pura, and the species going under the 

 name of aspasia Strecker. These two groups may be readily 

 separated in the first larval stage by the fact that the setse arising 

 from the primary tubercles are much longer in the oak feeders 

 than in the willow and poplar feeders, giving the former under a 

 lense quite a spiny appearance, whereas the latter appear almost 

 smooth. Among themselves the larvse of each group are very 

 similar in the first stage; the oak feeders are of a bluish-gray color 

 with more or less strongly developed deep brown lateral blotches 

 on the first four abdominal segments, 5-6 brown lateral lines and 

 at times a similar centro-dorsal line; the presence of this dorsal 



