1913] Barnes and McDunnovgh — Western Calocala 189 



line in Stage 1 separates zoe and aholibah from the other three 

 species; these two may be distinguished from each other, apart 

 from the ova, which are very dissimilar, by the fact that the brown 

 lateral blotches in aholibah tend to form more or less evident trans- 

 verse banding and the two spiracular lateral lines are more broken 

 than in zoe; in later stages the two species diverge widely from each 

 other. Of the other three desdemona is distinguished by possessing 

 6 lateral brown lines in Stage 1 instead of 5 as in beutenmuelleri 

 and ophelia; of these latter two species ophelia shows two sub- 

 dorsal lines in Stage I which are not developed in beutenmuelleri 

 until Stage II. In the later stages of all these species the spaces 

 between these brown lines gradually become paler than the ground 

 color, forming stripes to which the lines act as a border, becoming 

 more wavy in character and finally breaking up into a series of 

 dots scarcely to be distinguished from the general surface of the 

 body which is strongly sprinkled with similar dots; the dorsal 

 stripe with its characteristic diamond-shaped enlargements on 

 the abdominal segments appears usually in Stage II, either as 

 pale irregular bordering to the centro-dorsal line, or failing this 

 line as a pale stripe between the two subdorsal lines, in which case 

 the centro-dorsal line makes its appearance later. 



The willow and poplar feeders bear still more resemblance to 

 each other than the oak group and are almost indistinguishable 

 from one another in Stage I. All have a reddish-brown head 

 and a pale greenish body shading into purplish or blackish laterally, 

 this darker portion crossed by three pale rather waved lines; 

 aspasia is the palest, and is almost entirely whitish-green with 

 only faint traces of the lines; calijornica is the darkest, being 

 laterally almost black in Stage II; the others are intermediate. 

 The development of the maculation is the direct antithesis of that 

 found in the oak-feeders; the stripes develop directly from the 

 pale lines of Stage I, the darker bordering lines (the only ones 

 visible in the 1st stage of the oak-feeders) appearing only in the 

 2nd or 3rd stages. 



We append a more detailed description of the various stages: — 



Catocala zoe Behr. 



Ovum. Large, echinus-shaped, liver-brown with irregular ring of yellow around 

 widest part; strongly ribbed, about 16 ribs diverging from the micrppylar area 

 and branching into 2 or 3 almost immediately, these ribs crossed at right angles by 



