[ 135 ] CEPHALOPODS OF NORTHEASTERN COAST OF AMERICA 
large number of small, sharply denticulated, pedicelled suckers, crowd- 
edly arranged in four rows; close to the tips of the arms about twenty 
of the small suckers have smooth rims and very short pedicels, but are 
still in four rows. The large suckers vary greatly in relative size, accord¬ 
ing to age, sex, season, and locality (Plate XXXI, figs. 1,2, 3); they are 
a little higher on one side than on the other, with a broad aperture, sur¬ 
rounded by a horny marginal ring, which is divided all around into 
sharp, unequal teeth, which are larger on the outer side (Plate XXVIII, 
figs 3, 4, c, e); usually one minute sharp tooth stands between two 
larger ones, and these sets of three stand between still larger and less 
acute ones; the horny ring is surrounded by a wide, thick, soft marginal 
membrane; below the border a groove surrounds the sucker, and below 
this there is a basal swelling, equaling or exceeding the margin in diam¬ 
eter. The smaller marginal suckers (Plate XXVIII, figs. 9, 9 a) have 
the aperture more oblique and the horny ring much wider on the outer 
side, with its outer sharp marginal teeth longer and more incurved; 
usually these have the teeth alternately larger and smaller. 
The outer buccal membrane (Plate XXVI, fig. 4) is large, thiu, with 
seven prominent, elongated, acute angles, all of which have a cluster of 
about ten to fifteen small pedicelled suckers, in two rows, on the inner 
surface («, b, c, cl). These suckers have horny rings, denticulated on one 
side. In the female there is a special thickened organ ( s ) in the form of 
a horseshoe on the inner ventral surface of the buccal membrane. This 
in the breeding season serves for the attachment of the spermatophores 
by the male. 
The muscular pharynx (fig. 4, e,f) containing the jaws can be pro¬ 
truded its whole length. The inner buccal membrane (/) or sheath 
inclosing the beak (in) has a prominent, thickened, radially wrinkled 
and puckered anterior margin. On the ventral side the pharynx bears, 
externally, two thin chitinous plates, not connected with the jaws. The 
points and exposed edges of the beak are hard and black, becoming dark 
reddish brown farther back; the aloe and gular and palatine laminoe are 
thin and pale yellowish or light amber-color, in alcoholic specimens. 
The upper mandible (Plate XXVIII, figs. 5,5 a, var. pallida) has a sharp, 
strongly incurved point; cutting edge regularly curved, with a triangular 
notch at its base, followed by a prominent triangular tooth on the alar 
edge, beyond which the edge is nearly straight, but recedes somewhat. 
Lower mandible with a sharply incurved point and sinuous cutting 
edges, which have a slight tooth below the middle and only a slight 
rounded notch at base, which passes gradually into the very oblique and 
receding alar edge. The bilobed palate is covered with a chitinous mem¬ 
brane, which bears transparent, small, sharp, recurved denticles. 
Radula with pale amber-colored teeth and thin transparent borders. 
The median teeth (Plate XXVIII, figs. G-S) are broad, with a long, acute 
median denticle, and a shorter, curved, and less acute lateral one, on each 
side; the inner lateral teeth ( b) are short, strongly incurved, with a 
