[235] CEPHALOPODS OF NORTHEASTERN COAST OF AMERICA. 
of a ridge, fitting into the siphonal cartilage; g, left gill; h, rectum; Id, termina¬ 
tion of the intestine or rectum; i, ink-sac ; i', duct of ink-sac ; ?, portion of liver, 
in position ; m! , m 1 , muscular columns connecting the head and siphon with dorsal 
portion of the body ; H, systemic heart, or ventricle, crossed by the artery of tho 
ink-sac; a o, bulbous base-of anterior aorta; o, ventral pallial artery, or median 
branch of the posterior aorta, supplying the ventral parts of the mantle ; o', one of 
the caudal arteries or lateral branches of the posterior aorta going to the caudal fin 
and posterior parts of the mantle; a u, a u, branchial auricles; b v, afferent vessel 
going to the gills ; b o, efferent branchial vessels, returning the blood to the ventri¬ 
cle, their swollen basal portions acting as auricles; v c, anterior vena-cava; r, r, 
ventral renal organs, two ventral sacculated branches of the vena-cava (on tho left 
side, the vein from the ink-sac and rectum is shown); ?•', r‘, two pyriform renal or¬ 
gans, or sacculated and glandular portions of the posterior venso-cavse, directly con¬ 
nected with r, r; v, v c', lateral pallial veins, going to the dorsal sacculated divi¬ 
sions of the veme-cava?; v c", v c", two posterior vense-cavse, returning from the 
caudal fin and mantle ; S, the first stomach, or gizzard; S', large, saccular ccecal ap¬ 
pendage of the stomach ; S", glandular, plicated stomach, in continuation with the 
anterior portion of S'; t, spermary or testicle; p r, prostate gland, with the vesi- 
cuke-seminales and spermatopliore-sac; p, efferent sperm-duct or ‘penis’; P, pos¬ 
terior portion of the pen. 
Figure 2 .—The same. Dorsal view of the reproductive organs, part of the renal or¬ 
gans, heart, etc., dissected out. The lettering is as in figure 1, with the following 
additions: vd,v (V, vas-deferens, closely folded upon itself; vs, vesicuhe-seminales; 
s s, spermatophore-sac ; p o, genital artery ; g o, spermatic artery and vein; p t, part 
of peritoneal membrane. 
Figure 3.— Loligo Pealei. Female in the breeding season. Oviduct, filled with ova, dis¬ 
sected out. Ventral view, about natural size; v o, commencement of convoluted, 
thin membranous portion of oviduct; o d, entrance to glandular portion ; o d', gland¬ 
ular portion of oviduct, surrounded by the large, laminated gland, x 1 , the arterial 
vessels of which have been injected; op, orifice of the oviduct. 
Figure 3a.—The same specimen, seen from the dorsal side. 
Figures 2, 3 and 3a are from drawings by the author. 
Plate XXX. 
Figure 1.— Loligo Pealei. Embryo taken from the egg, ventral view, much enlarged; 
a, a, a, ventral arms, tentacular arms, and third pair of sessile arms ; c, c, eyes on 
stout peduncles or lobes from the sides of the head ; m, mantle-edge; h, branchial 
auricles; y, unabsorbed yolk-mass. 
Figure 2 .—The same. An embryo, within the egg, somewhat more advanced than 
figure 2, side view, less enlarged. The lettering is as in figure 2, with the follow¬ 
ing additions: a 1 , second pair of arms; a", third pair; a" 1 , tentacular arms ; a"", 
ventral arms; s, orifice of siphon; o, otoliths; f, rudimentary caudal fins. Chro- 
matophores are developed on the mantle. 
Figure 3.—The same. An embryo at the period of hatching. Ventral view, enlarged 
about 15 diameters. The yolk-sac ( y ) is nearly absorbed; a 1 *, third pair of sessile 
arms; t a, tentacular arms; va, ventral arms; b, beak; l, odontopliore ; r, teeth on 
the radula; s, siphon; o t, otolith; m, mantle; /, caudal fin ; g, g 1 , gills ; i, ink-sac ; 
t, rectum; h', Id, branchial auricles; u, u‘, rudiments of the stomach. 
Figure 4.—The same. Young, just hatched, seen as a transparent object, enlarged 
6 diameters; from a specimen raised from the eggs at Newport, R. I., August 
5th. Ventral view; a 3 , the third pair of arms; t a, tentacular arms; va, ven¬ 
tral arms; the suckers show on t a, the tentacular arms; b, the beak ; l, odontopliore ; 
e, the eye; /, caudal fin; g, gill; h, ventricle of the heart; Id, Id, branchial auri¬ 
cles ; i, ink-bag; m, mantle ; o t, otoliths; s, siphon ; s', base of siphon ; t, end of in¬ 
testine; u, stomach; y, portion of yolk-sac, not yet absorbed. Thecliromatophores 
are omitted. 
