June iSg;.] 



PSYCHE. 



249 



ACRIDIDAE. 



Of the 3S species of this family 

 occurring in the county 10 are to be 

 found in the winter season, the others 

 being then represented by the eggs 

 alone. Seven of the ten belong to the 

 subfamily of Tettigiuae or Grouse 

 Locusts. Five of these, namely : Tctiix 

 arenosiis Burni., T. ornatus Say, T. 

 granulatiis Kirby, Tettigidealateralis 

 Say, and polymorpha Burm., are found 

 in the mature state only. During 

 severe cold weather they ensconce 

 themselves beneath the loose bark of 

 logs, piles of decaying leaves, the rad- 

 ical leaves of mullein ( Verbasciun 

 thapsiis L. ), or the bottom rails of the 

 old and fast disappearing Virginia rail 

 tences. From these retreats every 

 warm, sunny day tempts them forth in 

 numbers, and, on such occasions, the 

 earth seems to swarm with them as 

 they leap before the intruder, their 

 hard bodies striking the tlead leaves 

 with a sound similar to that produced 

 by falling hail. 



Batrachidea cristata Harris occurs 

 sparingly in winter both as nymphs and 

 adults in like situations ; while Tettix 

 ciicullatus Burm. has been taken only 

 in the various larval stages, usually 

 beneath logs in sandy soil near water. 

 The two species of Tettigidea are 

 gregarious in winter, as many as 1 i 

 specimens having been found within a 

 space of six square inches on the side 

 of an overturned log. 



The winter species of Acrididae other 

 than those mentioned are Chortophaga 



viridifasciata (De Geer), both i)row n 

 and green forms ; ArpJiia sulphurea 

 Fab., and Hippiscus tuberculatus Pal. 

 de Beauv., all of which are found only 

 as larvae or pupa. The first two are 

 very common in the county, and the 

 young of Arpliia sulphurea are often 

 very prettily mottled with lichen-like, 

 grayish markings — a character which 

 I have never seen in the adult. These 

 three species in winter frequent dry, 

 open woods and roadsides and are very- 

 active on all sunny days when the mer- 

 cury rises above the freezing point ; 

 often climbing or leaping upon the 

 lower rails offences or sides of stumps 

 and there resting in and apparently 

 enjoying the sunshine. 



LOCUSTIDAE. 



The young of one or two species of 

 Ceuthophilus are the only winter rep- 

 resentatives known to me of the 34 

 species of this family which I have 

 taken in the county. Specimens vary- 

 ing much in size have been taken singly 

 on a number of occasions in each of the 

 winter months — usually from beneath 

 logs deeply buried in decaying leaves 

 and vegetable mold. I have kept 

 examples of them in confinement for 

 some weeks in winter but they invari- 

 ably died before reaching maturity. 

 The young of the diflerent species are 

 difficult to separate ; but judging mainly 

 from color characters, most, if not 

 all, of the winter specimens were C. 

 blatchleyi .Scudder, the most common 

 species in western Indiana. 



