426 



rsrcHE. 



[September 1896. 



Smith. J. B. The pear-boier [Agrilus 

 sinuatus] again, p. 44S. 



Sirrine. F. A. The pernicious scale on 

 Long Island, p. 449. 

 Vol. S. (1S95) contains the following: — 



S., R. A. and Editor. The chestnut weevil. 

 [Balaninus sp ]. p. S. 



Anon. [Notice of Smith's San Jose scale], 

 p. 60. 



ISIingerland, M. V.]. Insects injurious to 

 fruits, p. 7g. 



Wright, \V. C. The gypsy moth in Massa- 

 chusetts, p. 108. 



[Hubbard, H. G. Effects of cold weather on 

 insects in Florida], p. 140- 



Goff, E. S. The kerosene attachment for 

 spraying pumps, p. 143, fig. 21-22. 



Weed, H. E. Kerosene attachment for knap- 

 sack spray pumps, p. 1S6-187, fig. 29. 



Orpet, E. O. Insect pests, p. 187. 



Christ, H. An enemy [Steganoptycha pini- 

 colana] of the larch on the high Alps. p. 



238-239- 

 Cockerell, T. D. A. New facts about scale 



insects. 1. p. 244. 

 Anon. [Notice of Slingerland's Cigar-case 



bearer], p. 270. 

 Anon. [Ravages of Orgyia leucostignia in 



Boston], p. 300. 

 [Southwick, E. B.] The tussock moth, 



Orgyia leucostignia. p. 30S. 

 Lowe, V. H. The white-marked tussock 



moth, Orgyia leucostignia, in western New 



York. p. 314-315. fig- 43- 

 Jack, J. G. Another herbarium pest ( Ephes- 



tia interpunctella). . p. 323-324, fig 45. 

 A., S.J. Fighting the elm-leaf beetle, p. 



346-347- 

 Smith, J. B. Why certain hickories died 



[Ravages of borers], p. 352-253, fig. 49. 

 Britton, W. E. The columbine leaf-miner. 



Phytomyza aquilegiae. p. 443-444. fig. 61, 

 Anon. [Raupenleim]. p. 470. 

 Cockerell, T. D. A. Scale insects liable to 



be introduced into the United States, p. 513. 

 Anon. [The cabbage maggot. Anthoniyia 



brassicae.] p. 520. 



Proceedings of the Club. 



14 February, 1896. The 190th meeting 

 was held at 156 Brattle St., Mr. S. H. Scudder 

 in the chair. 



Prof. C. M. Weed read his presidential 

 address for 1S95 on the Hibernation of 

 Aphides. 



In continuation of his remarks at the last 

 meeting, Mr. A. G. Meyer said the cells from 

 the scales of Lepidoptera were modified hypo- 

 dermic cells and homologous with hairs. 

 The pigment of the scales is derived from 

 the blood, a haemolymph, of the chrysalis, 

 which fills the scales while the pigment is 

 forming. The haemolymph is an albumin- 

 ous fluid containing a strong acid; its min- 

 eral bases contain a large amount of iron 

 and also potassium and sodium in small 

 quantities. The following facts confirm the 

 statement that the pigments of the mature 

 wings are derived from the blood of the 

 chrvsalis. The red band on the hind wing 

 o( Siiiiiia cecropia becomes yellow by the 

 addition of hydrochloric or nitric acid, but 

 its red color is restored by ammonia The 

 blood of the pupa of that species when treated 

 with warm nitric acid becomes yellow, and 

 is changed to orange-red by ammonia; the 

 application of hydrochloric or nitric acid 

 again turns it yellow, the color being restored 

 bv ammonia, exactly as is the case with the 

 red color of the mature wing. Also, if the 

 blood of Cnllosamia frometkea is treated 

 with hydrochloric acid and a minute crystal 

 of chlorate of potash at a gentle heat, it 

 becomes purple, but is blackened to a drab 

 color by nitric acid. The purple spots near 

 the outer edge of the hind wing of the female 

 moth are similarly bleached to a drab color 

 upon application of nitric acid. Most of the 

 colors of the wings are probably derived from 

 the blood of the chrysalis by processes of 

 oxydation. 



In answer to questions, Mr. Meyer stated 

 that it was in the last stages of the pupa that 

 the pigment was developed; and that colors 



