PSYCHE. 



[J;in.^Keb. iSS.1. 



Mayer (iS6o),' Landois (1871), '" and 

 Schneider (1878).° Even sixclal 

 modifications of scales, called by 

 Scudder" androconia, have been foinid 

 on the males of a large number of 

 butterflies, and have given rise to con- 

 siderable discussion in regard to their 

 function. Androconia were first discov- 

 ered about 1S25 l)y Baillif, wiio termed 

 them jiUnnulae. They have been 

 discussed since in papers by numerous 

 writers, among ^vhom may be men- 

 tioned Deschamps', Schneider," Watson 

 (1S65-1869),'--" Wonfor (1868-1869),'" 

 Anthony (1872),'"-"' Fritz Mtiller 

 (1877).''-' Scudder (1S77)." Weismann 



'" Landois. H. Beitrage zur Entwicklungs- 

 geschichtc der .Schmettcrlingsfltigel in der 

 Raupe und Puppe. (Zcitschr. t". wiss. Zool.. 

 1871, V. 21, p. 305-3'6. pi. 23.) 



" Scudder. S. H. Antigeny, or sexual 

 dimorphism in butterflies. (Proc. .\mer. 

 acad. arts and sciences. 1S77. v. 12. p. 150- 

 158.) 



'* Watson, J. On certain .scales of some 

 diurnal lepidoptera. (Mem. Lit. and phil. 

 see. Manchester, 1S65, s. 3, v. 2, p. 63-70.) 



'^ Watson, J. On the microscopical exam- 

 ination of plumules ... (Entom. mo. mag., 

 1865, V. 2, p. 1-2, fig.) 



'■* Watson, J. On the plumules or battle- 

 dore scales of lycacnidtte. (Mem. Lit. and 

 phil. soc. Manchester. 1S69. s. 3. v. 3, p. 12S- 



133. Pl- "-3-) 



'' Wats(fn, J. Further remarks on the 

 plumules or battledore scales of some of the 

 lepidoptera. (Mem. Lit. and phil. soc. Man- 

 chester. 1869, s. 3, V. 3, p. 259-269, pl.5-7.) 



'« Wonfor, F. W. On certain butterfly 

 scales characteristic of sex. (Qiiart. journ. 

 micros, sci., 1868, n. s., v. 8, p. S0-S3. pl. i; 

 1869. V. 9. p. 19-22, p. 426-42S.) 



(1878)-^ and Aurivellius (18S0).-' 

 Weismann Ijelieves that it is not impos- 

 sible that these scales give out an etherial 

 oil secreted by the cells at their bases. 

 Without discussing the correctness of 

 Weisniann's view, the extensive litera 

 tme devoted to the scales of lepidoptera, 

 of which 1 have given only the outline, 

 shows how broad the subject is. Hut 

 how is it with the scales of insects 

 other than lepidoptera ? Are forms as 

 interesting as androconia waiting the 

 search of thoro investigators.'' 



Leeuwenlioek, in 16H0. and Swam- 

 merdamni," in the next centmv, figure 

 the scales of the wings and botiv of 

 Ciilex. and Weismann.'''' in 1S64. speaks 

 of scales on Sarcopliaga can/aria. 

 These are all tiie references which I 

 know to diplera having scales :uh1 1 



" .\nthony. J. The markings on the battle- 

 dore scales of some of the lepidoptera. (.Mo. 

 micros, journ., 1S72. v. 7. p. 1-3, pl. 1-;.) 



'* Anthony, J. Structure of battledore 

 scales. (Mo. micros, journ., 1S72. v. 7, p. 

 250.) 



" Miiller, Fritz. Ueber Haarpinsel. Filz- 

 flccke und iihnliche Gebilde auf den Fliigeln 

 mannlicher Schmetterlinge. (Jena. Zcitschr. 

 f. Naturw., 1S77, bd. ii. p. 99-114.) 



*' Weismann, A. Ueber Duftschuppen. 

 (Zool. Anzeiger. 1S79. Jahrg. i. p. 9S-99.) 



•' Aurivellius, C. Ueber sekundiire Gesch- 

 lechtscharaktere nordischer Tagfalter. (Ui- 

 hang till k. Svenska vet.-akad. handlingar. 

 iSi*). bd. 5. n :o 25.) 



« Swammerdamni. J. Buch der Natur. . . . 

 Leipzig, 1752. 



^ Weismann, A. Die nachembryonale 

 Entwickelung der Musciden. . . . (Zeilschr. 

 f. wiss. Zool., 1S64. bd. 14. p. 1S7-336.) 



