Jan.-Fc-b. iSSj.l 



PSYCHE. 



will aild here to their number, that I 

 have found scales upon the legs of a 

 species of Ploas from Germany. 



Scales have been examined, but not 

 extensiveh' studied, which were ob- 

 tained frOm thysauura {Lcpisiiia. ^la- 

 chilis and Podura). L. Landois"^ 

 speaks of scales in P/itkiriiis. but it is 

 evident from his description that they 

 are not homologicallv and structurally 

 like the scales of Icpidoptera. Leydig,'''^ 

 to whose paper I shall have occasion 

 to refer later, mentions scales resem- 

 bling those of lepidoptei^a on spiders 

 of the genus Saltici/s. Claus-^ says 

 tlie piiryganidac are " with hairv or 

 scalv wings." hut I know of no special 

 stu{Iies made upon the scales of these 

 insects. As far as I have been able to 

 discover, scales have only been recorded 

 on hemipterous insects in the case ot 

 the curious dimorphic form of Aphis 

 acei-is (originally described bv' Thorn- 

 ton, in 1852, as Phvllophorus testudi- 

 natiis) which is figured and briefly 

 described by Packard.-' and have never 

 been recorded from hvmenoptera. 



I come now to what is more strictly 

 the >ul)iect of this paper, the scales of 



"^ Landois, L. Untersuchungen iiber die 

 auf dem Menschen schmarotzenden Pedicii- 

 linen. Anatomie des Pht/iin'iis iiigiiiiwlis 

 I-each. (Zcitschr. f. wiss. Zool., 1S64, v. 14. 

 p. 1-41. pi. 1-5.) 



'^ Levdig. F. Zum fuineren Ban der Ar- 

 tliropoden. (MuUer"s Archiv. 1855. p. 376- 

 4S0. pi. 15-18.) 



-'• Claus, C. Grundziige der Zoologie. 4te 

 Aufl. 1880. 



'" Packard. A. S. Guide to tlie study of 

 in.sects . . . Salem. 1869. p. 520-521. 



coleoptera. the literature of which I 

 have, as far as possible, seen and 

 studied. 



The earliest mention that I have 

 found of scales on coleoptera is in 1762, 

 by Geot?roy,^* who not only mentioned 

 scales on several ctn-cziiionidac, but 

 also noticed those of dermestidae and 

 scarabaeidae. The next notice of 

 scales of coleoptera is in 1773, by Dru- 

 ry,-^ ill Ills description of E>itimits 

 iiiipcria/is, where he alludes to the 

 scales upon this species of curailion- 

 idac. In 1777. Lindenberg^" figured 

 and brieflv described Entinius iinperi- 

 alis and the scales which render it so 

 brilliant. In 1 7S0 the same author'^ 

 gave quite an extended description, ac- 

 companied bv colored figures, of the 

 scales of Entiniits. Lindenberg's last 

 paper is parth' devoted to a curious 

 consideration of the question why in- 

 sects and small animals, some of them 

 requiring a microscope to reveal their 

 beautv. were made even more beautiful 

 than larger animals. Since the above- 

 mentioned papers were published, manv 



'*' GeoftVoy, E. L. Histoire abregee des in- 

 sectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris 

 ... v. I, 1762. [See especially p. 69. 7S-79, 

 114, 115, 277. 2S2-283, 2S8. 289, 293. 293. 295 

 and 299.] 



"' Drury. Illustrations of natural history 

 ... V. I. 1773. 



"' Lindenberg. Beschreibung eines bra- 

 silischen Riisselkiifers. (Der Naturfonscher. 

 lotes Stuck, Halle. 1777, p. 86-87. fig.) 



^' Lindenberg. Ausiuhrlichere Beschrei- 

 bung des . . . brasilischen Riis.selkafers, nebst 

 einigen Betrachtungen. (Der Naturforscher. 

 i4tes Stiick, Halle, 1780, p. 211-220. fig.) 



