Scpteintier — October 1SS5. 



PS re HE. 



m 



\\'liile puiSLiiiif; the development of 

 these ghinds opportunity was taken ot" 

 provino; tiiat Engehnann's so-called 

 ••neuroid tilaments" (Neuroidtasern ) 

 were not of a neural natm^e. 



Under the heading --function" 

 Schiemenz treats of some curious views 

 that have been advanced bv authors in 

 regard to the diflerent salivar\ glands 

 of bees. Ranidohr at first mistook sys- 

 tem II for an olfactor\' organ and svstein 

 III for its continuation in open communi- 

 cation with the tracheae of the thorax. 

 He later corrected this error. Fis- 

 cher thought that system iii was an 

 ■•insect-knig." VVolfl'and Graber prop- 

 erly receive sharp criticism at the 

 hands of Schieiiieu/ because thev 



thought that system w \vas a gland for 

 moistening an olfactor\- organ beneath 

 the lalirum. the place where Wolfl", in 

 his wild search for analogies between 

 \ertebrates and insects, had located the 

 olfactory organ of the bee. Schiemenz 

 regards the glands of s3'stem iv as used 

 in the preparation of food, and the 

 glands of system i as producing, in 

 part at least, the nutrient fluid used for 

 the larvae. The functions of the other 

 systems still remain doubtful. 



As an appendix the author describes 

 antl figures the structures of the anten- 

 nae of Apis mcllipca. since it is n(jw 

 settled that the antennae are the seat of 

 the olfactory sense. 



CX)NrRIHUTI()X TO THE KXOWEElXiE OF PARASITIC 



LIFE IX CALLS. 



[Translated, with some change, from G. Fr. Mollers "Bidrag till kannedomen cm 

 parasitlifvet i gallapplen och dylika bildninger" (Entom. tidskr. , 1SS2, arg. 3, p. 182-186).] 



B"!' li : IMCKMAX MANX, WASHINGTON. 11. C. 



In his work, Die icIiueui)iont->i dcr 

 f'orstinserte/i. bd. 2. p. 217 and 219, 

 Ratzeburg gives a list of all the para- 

 sites which Tischbein, Nordlinger, Reis- 

 sig, and others had hatched from galls 

 of species of Cvnips and Ncmains. 

 Since Iiowever the list is \erv incom- 

 plete as regards our fauna I will here 

 give a list of the parasites and inqui- 

 lines which I have obtained from such 



not mentioned it is to be understood 

 that both males and females were ob- 

 tained, and where the cjuantit\- of spec- 

 imens is not mentioned that a moderate 

 iiumjier were obtained: (a) indicates 

 an abundance, (aa) a great adundance, 

 and (1 ) a scarcit\' of specimens. 



I. From galls of Cvnips folii. col- 

 lected in Scania, September 1S68. 

 were raised, in March 1869: — Torv- 



gall-formations during several years' mux vii-idissimiis (r), T. cimriilatiis^ 



continuous investigations. T. flavipes 9 (unique): in April: — 



In the determination of the species I Sy>iergiis vulgaris : in May: — Euryto- 



have followed exclusively Thomson's lua appcudigaster ? (imique). 



Hymc7wptera Sca?idi>/avine and Opu- 2. From galls of Cv'iips longive?2- 



scula entomologica. \\'here the sex is tris, collected in .Scania. September 



