PSYCHE. 



THE INSECTS OF BE TULA IN NORTH AMERICA. 



BV ANNA KATHERINA DIMMOCK. CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 



{Concluded from p 24J.) 



Amp/iidasYs cogirataria Guen^e (Hist. nat. 

 d. ins., 1S57, ^- 9' ^^I'sii. et phal., v. i, p. 208). 

 Cramer (Bull. Brooklyn entom. see, Aug. 

 1SS3, ^'- ^' P- 4S) briefly describes the eggs of 

 this species, of wliich about five hundred 

 were deposited 3 June. Bowles (Can. entom., 

 April 1S71, \'. 3. p. 1 1-12 ) (.Vnn. rept. Entoiii. 

 soc. Ontario, 1S71, p. 3S-39) describes a vari- 

 ety of the larva which fed on "black currant" 

 {^Ribcs Pm'g-nim']. and Goodell (o/. c//., Ajiril 

 1S7S, V. 10, p. 67) describes another varietv 

 which fed on apple and pear. Lintner (En- 

 tom. contrib., no. 3, 1S74, p. 166) briefly de- 

 scribes the larva, giving Acer as food-plant, 

 and Packard (Guide study ins., 1869, p. 322; 

 gives a few notes on the larva, which he states 

 feeds upon Ribes aurcitm^ R. I'grossularia^ 

 and Spiraea ftomentosa. Pilate (Papilio, 

 May 1SS2, v. 2, p. 71) gives "honey-locust" 

 {Glcdils.c]ita iriacaiithos^ as food-plant. 

 Lintner (Entom. contrib. [no. i], 1869, p. 

 64) gives plum as food-plant. To the above 

 food-plants may be added Betitla alba, B. 

 Icfita, Castaiiea vesca. Salix, and Spiraea 

 sorbifolia. The larva varies from pea-green 

 to brovvnisli grey or even brownish black in 

 general color: as far as noticed the green 

 form is from Ribes, Salix and Spiraea, \\h\\& 

 those from apple exhibit all the color varia- 

 tions; on Betula and Castaiiea the larvae are 

 grey. Similar variations have been noticed 

 in the larvae of Anip/n'dasys betitlaria, a 

 European species. The larvae often rest in 

 a partially twisted position, with their rigid 

 bodies at a considerable angle from the stem 

 to which they cling, thus imitating very 

 closely twigs and petioles. The larvae are 

 common in New England in [nlv and August ; 



they pupate from the latter part of July to 

 September, the pupa hibernating under 

 leaves and rubbish. 



Cymatophora crepiiscularia Treits 



(Schmett. v. Europa, 1S27, v. 6, pt. i, 

 p. 190). Goodell (Can. entom., Apr. 1S7S, 

 V. 10, p. 67) has described the larva of this 

 species from a single specimen taken on 

 plum, 30 May; pupation took place 6 June, 

 and the imago emerged 19 June. In Europe 

 this very variable larva has often been reared. 

 Herr (Anleitung d. schmett. u. raupen , . . 

 1S33, pt. 2, p. 272) gives a good description 

 of the larva, and states that its food-plants 

 are Aquilegia, Salix, Populus, Aliiiis, Ulmiis, 

 Spartium, and Sambucns. Kaltenbach (Pflan- 

 zenfeinde, 1872, p. 614-615) writes "A very 

 common geometrid whose larva is very dif- 

 ferently marked according to its food-plant. 

 On Salix Borkhausen found it brownish- 

 green, on Italian poplar grey-green, on Alnus 

 brownish-grev, on Ulmus lighter green than 

 on Salix, on Sambiicus grey-brown, etc. 

 Treitschke's specimens reared on plum were 

 yellowish. Pupation takes place under the 

 ground; the moth appears in two genera- 

 tions, in spring from hybernated pupae and 

 again in July. The larvae appear in June 

 and in September." Kaltenbach {op. cit., p. 

 1 10, 234, 302, and 435) adds the following to 

 previously' mentioned food-plants : Betula 

 alba. Genista, ^uercus, Rubus, Lonicera, 

 and Ligustrum. The larva of this species is 

 common on Betula alba in eastern Massa- 

 chusetts, where it isYound ready for pupation 

 as early as the middle of June. Of three 

 larvae taken 12 Aug. 1SS2, one pupated 29 

 Aug. and hibernated as pupa, tieveloping an 



