272 



psrciiE. 



April— June 1SS5. 



iiTiago the next spring; anothei' pnpated 2 

 Sept. and died later, and the third pnpated 2 

 Sept. and the imago appeared 28 Sept. of the 

 same year. Two annual broods of larvae are 

 therefore probable in New England, as in 

 Germany, but part of the second brood ap- 

 parently emei'ge and oviposit in lateautuinn, 

 while the rest hibernate as pupae. 



Parafkia siibatomaria Guenee (Hist. nat. 

 d. ins.. 1857. ^'' 9> Uran. et Phal., v. i , p. jy.;). 

 A larva taken on Beiiila alba, at Belmont, 

 Mass., 12 Aug. 1S82, pupated 19 Sept. and a 

 male imago emerged 8 Oct. 18S2. This larva 

 was mistaken for a young larva of Cynialo- 

 fhora crejruscitlaria. Another larva, taken 

 on the same species of plant, at Cambridge, 

 Mass., 10 Sept. 18S2, pupated 27 Sept. and 

 produced a female imago 28 Oct. 1882. A 

 third larva taken in Cainbridge, on the same 

 plant in the fall of 1SS3, pupated, and would 

 have hibernated as pupa had it not been kept 

 in a warm room ; the moth emerged during 

 the winter. Packard (Mon. geom. moths 

 U. S., 1S76, p. 418) writes "The moth has 

 been raised by Mr. W. Saunders, of London, 

 Canada, from a 'brown geometric larva on 

 the pine, the imago appearing June 24th'." 



Rphyra fendtilinaria Guenee (Hist. nat. 

 d. ins., 1S57, v. 9, Uran. et phal., v. i, p. 414). 

 Packard (Mon. geom. moths U. S. , 1876, p. 

 363-364) gives a description, by S. H. Scud- 

 der, of the larva and pupa of this species: 

 the larva fed on Compfoiiia asflenifolia. A 

 larva of this species, taken on Betiila alba, 

 at Wachusett, Mass., 26 Aug. 1882. pupated 

 28 Aug., and the imago appeared 14 May 18S3. 



Anagoga pulveraria Linn. (Syst. nat., 

 1758, ed. 10, p. 521). Hen- (Anleitung d. 

 raupen d. deutsch. schmett., 1S33, p. 284) de- 

 scribes larva and pupa, and gives Salix cafrca 

 as food-plant of this species. Kaltenbach 

 (Pflanzenfeinde, 1S72. p. 571 and 59S) gives 

 Salix and Be/iila as food-plants. Packard 

 (Mon. geom. moths, i87fx p. 488-4S9) quotes 

 Merryfield's description of the larva, and 

 states, on authority of Goodell, that the larva 

 is found on Corylus. 



Eiidropia armatarla Hcrrich-Schaeffer 

 (Samml. neuer od. wenig bekannter ausser- 

 eur. schmett., 1S50-1S58, pi. 65, fig. 373-374). 

 Saunders (Can. entom., Oct. 1871, v. 3, p. 

 130131) (Ann. rept. Entom. soc. Ontario, 

 1871, p. 38) describes the larva of this species 

 which he found on species of Ribes. A fe- 

 inale of this species taken 15 June 1883, in 

 Cambridge, Mass., was confined over fresh 

 twigs of Acer, Ribes riibnim and R. aureuni. 

 On 18 June she laid two rows of elongated, 

 flattened eggs upon a leaf of ^ff/-; their color 

 was light green, but by 20 June they had be- 

 come shining carmin-red, which later be- 

 came dull-red. The eggs were 0.7 mm. long, 

 0.5 mm. wide and 0.4 mm. high, and were 

 placed closely side by side in rows, and 

 gummed to the leaf. They hatched 27 June. 

 The larvae would not readily eat leaves of 

 Ribes. but ate, in order of preference, leaves 

 of Betula alba, of Acer, and of apple. One 

 pupated 2 Aug. 1883 and the imago appeared 

 19 Aug. 1883 ; the second pupation occurred 



6 Aug. 1883, but the imago did not appear 

 until 3 June 1884; two more pupated 17 Aug. 

 1883, both of which produced imagos about 



7 June 1SS4. In this case, of the four larvae 

 which succeeded in producing imagos, all 

 were subjected as nearly as possible to equal 

 conditions, being reared in the same jar, 

 upon the same plants, which were kept fresh 

 with their stems in water, yet one of the im- 

 agos appeared the same fall, only seventeen 

 days after pupation, while the three others 

 remained about ten months in the pupal 

 state. Those reared by Mr. Saunders hiber- 

 nated as pupae. 



Eugonia aliiiaria Linn. (Syst. nat., 1758, 

 ed. 10, p. 519) [= £■ magnaria Guenee]. 

 The eggs of this species are flattened, oblong, 

 I.I mm. long. 0.6 mm. wide, and 0.5 mm. high. 

 They are of a greenish-brown, somewhat 

 polished bronze color, and when laid upon 

 a smooth surface are arranged side by side in 

 a curve having the length of the abdomen of 

 the female moth for its radius. When laid 

 upon bark and rough surfaces the eggs are in 



