282 



rsrciiE. 



f April— June 1SS5 



on ills, injiii-. veg., 1862. p. 323-324) adds a 

 figure of tlie; larva and imago; still later 

 (Entom. coiresp., 1S69. p. 2S2) he briefly de- 

 scribes the egg, young larva, and pupa. 

 Morris (Synop. lepid. N. A., 1862. p. 205-206) 

 describes larva, pupa, and imago. Lintner 

 (Proc. Entom. soc. Pliil., Dec, 1S62, v. i, p. 

 286-293) gives an excellent description of the 

 egg, the five stages of the larva, and the pupa. 

 Minot (Can. entom., Nov. 1869, v. 2, p. 28) 

 describes the egg and the young larva ; he 

 states that the larva molts six times. A ndrews 

 (Can. entom., Feb. 1876, v. 8, p. 40) and 

 Bunker (o/. cit., June 1S76, v. 8, p. 120) 

 discuss the brown form of the larva. The 

 before-mentioned authors give only Ulmiis 

 as food-plant ; Goodell (Psyche, July [Dec] 

 1SS2, V. 3, p. 36S) gives Uhiiiis and Bftiila 

 alba as food-plants. Taken in Cambridge, 

 Mass. oftener on Bettihi alba than on Ulmiis. 

 SmcriniAii!: excaecatiis Abb. & Smith (Nat. 

 hist, lepid. ins. Ga., 1797, v. i, p. 49, pi. 

 25). Harris (Amer. journ. sci. and arts. July 

 1839, [^- ']' ^'- 3^' P- -9°) gives a brief de" 

 scription of larva and imago of this species, 

 which he states to feed upon apple and Rosa 

 Carolina; Morris (Syn. lepid. N. A., 1S62, p. 

 209) gives Harris' description of the larva, 

 with slight addition, and adds a description of 

 theyoung larva, andof what he supposed to be 

 the egg, — really, however, the egg of Attacus 

 folyphi'mtis. Harris (Treatise on ins. injur, 

 veg., 1862, p. 327-328) describes and figures 

 the imago. Lintner (Proc. Entom. soc. Phil , 

 1864, V. 3, p. &>(>) describes the larva, without 

 knowing the species, and later (Entom. con- 

 trib., no. 2, 1S73, p. 23) he gives its name, 

 and states that the larva described by him 

 (Proc. Entom. soc. Phil., 1864, v. 3, p. 665) 

 as 5. excaeca/iis was in reality 5. ffemiiKitiis. 

 Sanborn (Can. entom., Jan. 1869, v. i, p. 48) 

 calls attention to the squeaking noise pro- 

 duced by the larva of this and of other species 

 of Smeii!i//iiis. Lintner (Entom. contrib., 

 [no. i], 1869, p. 56) gives J'niuiis ft'timyl- 

 vanlca and Crataegus as food-plants of the 

 larva. Mann (Psyche, Sept. -Oct. 1S77 [8 

 Mar. 1S78], v. 2, p. 69-72) compares descrip- 



tions of the larva of this and of other species 

 of Smerinlhus. giving Acer as food-plant of 

 the larva of 6". excaecatiis. Goodell (Psyche, 

 July [Dec] 1S82, v. 3, p. 368) describes egg 

 and first larval stage of this species. Flet- 

 cher (Can. entom.. Nov. 1SS3, v. 15, p. 203- 

 204) gives as food-plants apple, plum, wild 

 cherry, Popiiliis halsamifera and P. alba, and 

 further states that the larvae varied much in 

 coloration. Saunders (Can. entom., Jan. 

 1S84, V. 16, p. 9-11) describes and figures the 

 last stage of the larva and the imago. Fischer 

 (o/. c/V., p. 17) adds Tilia and Salix to the 

 food-plants. In Cambridge, Mass., the larva 

 of this species is not rare on low shrubs of 

 Bctiila «/i«, where it occurs throughout Au- 

 gust and September. The larvae, as observed 

 on Bctiila alba, exhibit no variation. They 

 are somewhat difficult to rear; of 38 larvae, 

 of which rearing was begun, 8 were put in * 

 alcohol for preservation; three produced 

 imagos {2$ and i ? ) ; 16 died without appar- 

 ent parasitism, while 11 were killed by 

 Tliyreodon morio, of which ichneumon only 

 2 reached the imago state. One of the pupae 

 of Tliyreodon produced a large number of 

 minute hymenoptera — secondary parasites. 

 The egg of 5. excaecatiis often harbors very 

 minute hymenopterous parasites; more than 

 thirty of these hymenoptera soiTietimesenierge 

 from a single egg of Smeriut/iiis, a fact that 

 will give an idea of their microscopical mi- 

 nuteness. 



Limenllis artlicmis Drury ( lUust, nat. hist. 



■ • • 'T/Si ^- -I P'- ■<>' ^%- 3"4)- Lintner 

 (Proc entom. soc. Phil., May 1S64, v. 3, p. 

 62-63) describes the larva and pupa of this 

 species, giving as larval food-plant Popiiliis 

 balsamifera. Scuddev (Amer. nat., Aug. 1869, 

 v> 3, P- 330) gives Crataegus as food-plant, 

 and again (Psyche, Aug. 1874, v. i, p. 13) 

 adds Bctula lenta and Populus to the food- 

 plants. 



Vanessa antiopa Linn. (Syst. nat., 1758, 

 cd. 10, p. 476). Besides numerous references 

 in European literature, in which Sali'x, Pop- 

 ulus, Bctula and Tilia are noticeii as food- 

 plants, the following citations of American 



