NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 43 



woodlands, and the country bears a very uniform appearance, together 

 with but little variation of the soil, and consequently the number of 

 species to be met with is not large. The following is a complete list, 

 as far as I have been able to ascertain, chiefly by means of my own 

 observations. It includes thirty-six species : — 



Pieris brassictv. By no means plentiful some years, and very 

 intermittent in its appearances. I do not ever remember seeing 

 it really common in the suburbs of Birmingham. — P. rapes. Very 

 common. — P. napi. Also common, but the first brood is often con- 

 siderably rarer than the second. 



Leucophasia sinapis. This insect is unfortunately approaching 

 extinction in the midlands ; there is but one locality in the district 

 for it, and it is scarce there. 



Euchloe cardamines. Plentifully distributed in the lanes ; females 

 are often unusually large. 



Gonepteryx rhamni. This insect is fairly common in many locali- 

 ties, but I very seldom meet with it around here (Moseley). The 

 buckthorn is by no means a common and generally distributed plant 

 in this part. 



Colias edusa. A scarce visitor ; one or two examples have been 

 noted at various periods in Sutton Park, and lately one has been cap- 

 tured near Knowle. 



Saiyrus egeria. Not common, and is rather local, and seems to be 

 getting scarcer. — S. megara. Fairly abundant. 



Epinephele ianira. Common throughout the district. — E. tithonus. 

 Common in some localities, such as Sutton Park, but does not seem 

 to be very evenly distributed. — E. hyperanthus. Thinly dispersed in 

 most parts. 



Ccenonympha pamphilns. Common ; is especially abundant in 

 Sutton Park, where it varies to a very considerable degree. The ocelli 

 are often very well developed on the upper side of the primaries ; on 

 the secondaries, underneath, they are conspicuously absent occa- 

 sionally, at other times so well developed as to form an almost un- 

 broken band. 



Vanessa urticm. Very common. — V. atalanta. Abundant every- 

 where ; in 1895, with the exception of Pieris rapce, it was the com- 

 monest butterfly of the year. — V. io. Fairly plentiful, but irregular 

 in its appearances. The last three years I have hardly seen a dozen 

 examples. — V. polychloros. Used to be by no means uncommon, but 

 is now comparatively seldom seen. — V. antiopa. Sir Francis Scott 

 records a couple at Great Barr in the ' Entomologist' (1880). Single 

 examples have been seen at Moseley and in Sutton Park, but several 

 years ago. — V. cardui. Not often visits. Observed a worn example 

 last year; was probably a far-travelled individual. 



Argynnis paphia. Local ; Sutton Park, where it is often rather 

 abundant. — A. adippe. Sutton Park; scarce. — A. euphrosyne. Lanes, 

 &c, around Knowle, Flockley Heath, Coleshill, also Sutton Park; 

 but not very common. — A. selene. Occurs in the above localities, but 

 is more restricted to a few favoured haunts. 



Melitasa artemis. Rare and local ; near Umberslade (Worcester). 



Thecla rubi. Plentiful in Sutton Park, especially at the flowers of 



