NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 69 



and should be seen by all students of this difficult and interesting 

 genus. 



Entomology in Tirah. — Though for some years I have ceased to 

 covet butterflies, they still have a keen interest, and I thought that as 

 probably no one else was interested much in entomology in Tirah, 

 where I have lately been, per baps these very scanty notes may be of 

 use from a hitherto unvisited country. General elevation of Maidan 

 about 5000 ft. A plateau, intersected by numerous ravines, surrounded 

 by hills up to about 12,000 ft. Trees : pine, walnut, apricot, apple, 

 pear, and others a few. On November 2nd an Indian variety of our 

 little " Queen of Spain " was common on the Sampagha Pass, a little 

 faded ; possibly Argynnis iss ia. In the same place, and frequently in 

 Maidan itself, a fine grayling Aulocera (? possibly) was seen wherever 

 tbe barren ground they frequent was present. In Maidan a clouded 

 yellow of rich colour was fairly common ; and less seldom another 

 species of Colias, or a variety corresponding to Culias edusa var. helice, 

 was seen, but I did not get an opportunity of seeing one settled. The 

 clouded yellow was possibly C. fieldii. A few of a Pieris, I believe 

 mesenti.ua, and occasionally a smart small copper something like 

 ( 'hrysophanus pavana, but apparently ruddier. 1 make no pretence of 

 identifying those I saw or of having noted much, as one was nearly 

 invariably under fire when out from camp, the inhabitants being 

 hostile to entomology or any other pursuit in their country, and I 

 should not venture to offer tbese if I thought any one else had made 

 any entomological notes. I send you a pupa from Maidan, which, 

 if it hatches, will probably be the first specimen from Tirah. — K. 

 Dingwall ; 1st Gordon Highlanders, 3rd Brigade, Tirah Field Force, 

 December 31st, 1897. 



[We have great pleasure in publishing the above communication. 

 The pupa referred to has not come to hand unfortunately. — Ed.] 



Pyrameis carye var. muelleri. - — Mr. Beverly Letcher, of San 

 Francisco, describes an aberration of P. carye as var. muelleri in the 

 February number of 'Entomological News' (ix. p. 38, pi. iii.). Of 

 this aberration, which in some respects is similar to P. cardui var. 

 inomata, Brains., only eight examples are known, one of which was 

 taken by Mr. Letcher in 1892, and another in 1897. 



The Bagonot Collection of Micro-Lepidoptera. — We understand 

 that this collection has been presented to the Paris Natural History 

 Museum by Madame Bagonot. 



Experimental Treatment of Araschnia levana, L. — In a paper 

 entitled " Die Uebergange von Araschnia levana, L., zu var. prossa, L., 

 und die bei der Zucht anzuwendende Kaltemenge : ' (' Entomologische 

 Nachrichten,' xxiv. pp. 37-52), Herr G. Wilh. Buhmer, gives a de- 

 tailed account of the results obtained in a series of temperature 

 experiments with this species. 



NATURiE Novitates. — We have received from Friedlander & Sohn, 

 of Berlin, the first number of a periodical bearing this title, which it 

 is proposed to issue every fortnight at a small subscription. The 



