284 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



which seemed all the more remarkable, as the depredations made upon 

 such large conspicuous butterflies were incessant ; every peasant-boy 

 was armed with a net of some sort, and I actually saw one lad with his 

 hat decorated lavishly and wastefully with as many of these glorious 

 insects as, with folded wings, he was able to cram together : that boy 

 alone must at least have secured some thirty specimens. I could only 

 suppose that the reason extermination does not result from such 

 wanton sacrifice was owing to the fact that all these swarms were 

 entirely males. I left Vienna before the females were out, and later 

 on, early in August, upon revisiting the Eohrwald, not a single 

 individual of all that gay throng was left ; the forest-paths were quite 

 deserted, and sadly enough did I miss the flutter of their wings and 

 the exciting influence of their beautiful presence. The Apatura also 

 occur, but much more sparingly, in the Mehadia district. 



Limenitis pupuli, L. — Occurs, but not commonly, in various 

 localities, in both countries. The only specimen I ever saw was in the 

 Rohrwald, in July, and that was in the box of another collector. 



L. Camilla, S.V. — One fine male specimen on the Alionberg at 

 Orsova this year, in July. I observed no others anywhere, except one 

 female (damaged) near Herkulesbad in June. 



L. sibylla, L. — Common in June and July in almost every locality 

 I visited in either country. 



Neptis lucilla, S.V. — Common in the park at Schonbrunn, near 

 Vienna, in June, and in the forests round Herkulesbad in June and 

 July. 



N. aceris, Lepsch. — There is something very weird and sad about 

 the flight of this graceful little butterfly, with its meteor-like move- 

 ments, as it glides backwards and forwards against the dark green 

 foliage in the forest glades, which it loves to haunt ; and though often 

 ascending far beyond the swoop of the net, it more often comes within 

 easy reach of it, thereby falling a ready prey into the hands of the 

 greedy collector, for, though common enough where it occurs, aceris is 

 not met with in Europe except in the far East. I found the second 

 brood emerging towards the end of July last year, near Herkulesbad, 

 where it soon became extremely common. This year, however, 

 individuals of the second brood began to emerge in quite the beginning 

 of July, and were more or less worn before the period when I had found 

 them fresh the year before. Is it possible that aceris produces three 

 broods in the course of the summer ? I did not come across it farther 

 west than Kavaran-Szakul, were it was also extremely abundant. 



Vanessa levana, L., and var. prorsa. — Occurs near Vienna and in 

 some parts of Hungary, but always in my experience very sparingly. 



V. polychloros, L. — In a wood near Orsova, in June, I found 

 numbers of this insect flying round the young elm-trees and settling 

 on their trunks, and as far as I could make out they were all exclu- 

 sively polychloros and — nothing else ! 



V. xanthomelas, S.V. — I only succeeded in taking one specimen of 

 this rare butterfly this year, in June, in the Cserna Thai, near 

 Herkulesbad, which I had been told was a locality in which it 

 was occasionally taken. 



V. vau-album, S.V. — Also only one specimen, at Rodaun, near 

 Vienna, on July 9th, 1897. It was flying over a manure-heap on the 



