44- Lifroducfion to Animal Alorphology. 



Achatinidae, &c. 4th. Madagascar — according to Hacckd, a 

 fragment of a once large central continent, Lemurien. Its. 

 fauna consists of Lemurs, Pteropine bats, Echinogale, Ericulus, 

 Centetes ; Didine birds and ^pyornis formerly lived herein. 

 The Indo-Malayan region includes the following provinces : — 

 ist, India, the home of the Tiger, Canidae, Arctictis, Helictis, 

 Paradoxurus, Catarrhine monkeys, especially Semnopithecus. 

 and Hylobates, Pteromys, Moschidse, Platanista, Cinnyridae, 

 Bombycidae, and Bdellidce. 2nd. Malaya, the land of the. 

 Orang utan. Bats, Tarsius, Sumatran Rhinoceros, Tapir, Anoa, 

 Babyroussa, Polyplectron, Peacocks, Argus Pheasants, Birds 

 of Paradise, &c. 



Australia includes two provinces : — ist. Polynesia, the 

 kingdom of the Partulidae, Nymphalidae, Apteryx, Strigops, 

 Nestor ; and 2nd. Australia, the land of Marsupials and 

 Monotremes, Bennett's Cassowary, the Emu, Menura, 

 Scythrops, black Swan, Pezoporus, Seines, &c. 



The Antarctic region is little known. Patagonia, its first 

 province, is characterised by the presence of the Guanaco, 

 Dolichotus, Puma, and Rhea Darwinii. The other land 

 regions in it arc little known. 



Marine animals are distributed in zones of different depths, 

 of which five can be recognized: — ist. Superficial, the area 

 of floating animals. 2nd. Littoral, or the region between 

 tide marks, the home of Annelides, &c. 3. Laminarian, or 

 that from low-water mark to about 10 fathoms. 4th. Inter- 

 m.ediate or coralline, that from the level of about 10 fathoms 

 to a varying depth from 40 to 60, or 100 fathoms. 5th. The 

 Abyssal or deep sea zone, or that below 60-100 fathoms. 

 Life in these zones is modified by currents hot or cold,* and 

 varies geographically ; thus, in the Arctic Ocean, the cha- 

 racteristic forms are the Walrus, Narwhal, Scorpaena, 

 Salmonidas, Amphipodous Crustacea, Chelyosoma, Cystingia, 

 &c. In the Antarctic Ocean, are the Penguins and Auks, the 



* * Some animals can bear wide limits of change of temperature, and 

 hence are called Eury thermal. Others are limited to regions where the 

 temperature changes witliin very narrow limits ; such are known as 

 Stenotliermal. Some forms can live in waters of very varying degrees of 

 saltness, and arc called Euryhaline [Mobius). 



