Iiitrodiictioii to ^ I III 111 a I Morpliology. 1 17 



nidce — tree-like ; loculi divided by a few dissejjiments, obli- 

 terating part of the ealyx ; budding lateral ; coenenchyma 

 abundant, not distinct from the thecse ; septa generally few, 

 usually with a columella ; costa; as striations or granules ; 

 septa may be unequal (Oculininas), or equal (Stylasteringe), 

 with (Axohelia) or without costae ; pali may form one 

 (Sclerohelia) or more circlets around the columella, or this 

 last may be absent (Trymohelia). 5. Astraeidae — single or 

 compound, with no true coenenchyma nor synapticulae ; each 

 theca joined directly to its neighbour, or united by its largely 

 developed costse, or by exothecal dissepiments ; endothecal 

 dissepiments numerous at the base ; septa many, often in- 

 complete within, smooth (Eusmilinae) or spinose (Astraein^e) • 

 the former group may have single corallites (Trochosmilia), 

 or many multiply by incomplete fission (Euphylliace^), or 

 gemmation (Stylinacese). Astraeinae contains five groups : 

 Lithophylliacea — simple, ccespitose or labyrinthose ; Faviacea; 

 reproducing fissiparously, each calyx retaining its indivi- 

 duality ; Astraeacea massive, reproducing by gemmation ; 

 Cladocoraceae — tree-like, budding laterally; Astrangiace^ 

 budding from stolons, or from the base, with short stocks. 

 6. Echinoporidas — lamellar; gemmation sub-basilar; coral- 

 lites united at base by a spinose coenenchyma. 7. Meruli- 

 nidae, with no coenenchyma nor synapticulce ; theca per- 

 forate, with dissepiments ; septa imperforate. 8. Fungiidae — 

 simple or compound ; thecae feeble, porous, or none, with no 

 dissepiments nor tabulae, and many wart-like or spinose 

 synapticulae ; gemmation basal ; the septa are porous, toothed, 

 or echinulated along their free edges, as are the thecae in 

 Fungince, not in Lophoserinae. 



Order 3. Antipatharia [Edwards, vSclerobasica). — 

 Colonial forms with no sclerodermic deposits of lime, 

 but a solid, often black, axis (sclerobasis). The 

 zooids have six short broad tentacles. 



Sometimes the coenenchyma contains siliceous bodies, 

 rendering it granular (Leiopathes) ; its branches may unite 

 into a network (Arachnopathes), or fan (Rhipidopathes), or 



