Introduction to Animal Morphology. 2 1 9 



with albumen, and in a common capsule ; eyes none ; blood 

 red ; mouth unarmed. Lumbricus, the common earthworm, 

 has two-rowed hooked bristles, three salivary, several oeso- 

 phageal glands on the thirteenth ring, and a muscular 

 stomach behind the proventricle or crop in the fifteenth ring ; 

 it has two pair of testes and five pair of capsuligenous glands. 

 Pontoscolex lives in the sand of the Red Sea. Phreoryctes 

 lives in wells. Hypogseon reaches an enormous size, as does 

 Megascolex. 



2. Gymnocopa {Gnibe) — body long, flat, not sharply seg- 

 mented, in front broad ; parapodia only developed in front, 

 two lobed, without bristles, but the two or four short frontal 

 feelers and the two long tentacles are bristled ; eyes two ; 

 mouth with no epipharynx nor teeth ; segmental organs with 

 a rosette-like opening ; dioecious ; marine. This includes one 

 family and two genera, Tomopteris and EscKscholtzia.* 



3. Notobranchiata {Schmarda) — gills various or rudimental, 

 appended to the notopodia, vascular ; eyes and cirri various ; 

 parapodia usually present. Family i. Polyophthalmidaef — 

 small, marine, free, with few segments, no parapodia ; head 

 three-lobed, with no cirri ; a protrusible unarmed epipharynx ; 

 eyes before described ; they are passage forms between 

 Naididae and Serpulidaj. 2. Halelminthidae — parapodia, ap- 

 pendages and eyes absent ; body in a membranous tube, ex. 

 Capitella. 3. Maldanidas — long, round, unequally segmented, 

 living in tubes in sand ; prostomium flattened, with entire 

 (Clymene) or split margin ; no eyes, gills, nor feelers ; para- 

 podia bilobed ; epipharynx club-shaped, often papillose 

 (Notomastus). 4. Chsetopteridae — zonites heteronomous ; 

 body divided into three regions, living in leathery or stony 

 tubes ; gills none ; head segments with three feelers ; eyes 2 

 (Chaetopterus), or none (Spiochaetopterus) ; larva mesotrochal. 

 5. Halonaidse — with no parapodia, but with appendages and 

 eyes, ex. Dero, with caudal, branchial appendages. 6. Aphro- 

 ditidae — segments unequal, with dorsal, shield-like elytrae ; 



* This name is pre-occupied. 



t Families i, and 2, and 5 are made the types of a separate order 

 Haloscolecina by Cams. 



