hitrodudion to Animal Morphology. 405 



§ 6. Amphibioticse — with aquatic larvae. 10. Perlidae — 

 body long, flat, with bristle-like antennae, lateral eyes, equal 

 thorax rings, large hind wings, and a ten-ringed abdomen ; 

 aquatic larva has hypo-thoracic tracheal gills, which are 

 retained during life by Pteronarcys. 11. Ephemeridae — 

 delicate, soft-skinned ; eyes large in the males, small in 

 the females ; mouth rudimental ; mesothorax long ; fore wing 

 large, triangular ; hind wing small, or none (Coenis). After 

 the last moult it only lives a few hours ; but the larva, v,'hich 

 iias strong jaws, and large lateral gills, lives 1-2 years in 

 water. 12. Libellulidae (Dragon-flies) — body long; wings 

 delicate, equal, large, netted ; jaws large, covered by the 

 large upper lip; prothorax small; abdomen 9-1 1 -ringed; 

 larvae with external (Agrion, &c.) or intestinal gills, and an 

 elongated tongs-like labium {mask), which may be joined to 

 the other parts of the head. 



CHAPTER XLVIII. 



SUB-CLASS 2. — HOLOMELABOLA. 



Insects with full metamorphosis, and a pupa stage : 

 herein are included eight orders. 



Order 7. Neuroptera — prothorax free ; tarsus five-jointed ; 

 mouth masticatory, with cleft labium, bearing a three-jointed 

 palp ; wings membranous, equal, the hinder never folded ; 

 body long ; head short ; eyes rarely very large ; antennae 

 many-jointed, thread-like, convoluted (Panorpa) ; suctorial 

 stomach rarely absent (ibid.) ; ovarian caeca numerous, ver- 

 ticillate, or pectinate ; pupa free ; larvae carnivorous. The 

 families are: — i. Megaloptera — antennae club-shaped ; head 

 vertical, ligula undivided ; larvae with large heads, and sucking 

 claws ; including Myrmeleon or Ant-lion, whose larva lives 

 in funnel-like sand-burrows, sucking whatever falls therein. 



