hitrodndion to Animal Morphology. 413 



mental, -with fringed tarsus ; palp large ; both wings broad. 

 § 7. jNIorphinae — fore-leg small, not fringed ; palp small ; wings 

 broad. §8. Satyrinae — fore-leg small; antennae delicate; 

 palps closely approximated ; wings ocellated. § 9. Liby- 

 theinas — palp as long as, or longer than thorax, thick^ 

 straight ; fore-limb small in male, perfect in female. § 10. Ery- 

 cininse — palp small, with naked end-joint ; fore-leg pefect. 

 § II. Lycseninse — fore-leg small ; palps long; caterpillars 

 flat, short and broad ; eyes of imago, hairy (Thecla), or 

 naked. 



Order 13. Coleoptera: Metabolous — four-winged, with a 

 free large prothorax ; and the anterior pair of wings (elytrse) 

 hard, fully chitinized, and covering the succeeding pair ; 

 head mostly recept, with two compound, and rarely any sim- 

 ple, eyes ; antennas variable, 6-30 jointed ; mandibles chiti- 

 nous ; maxillae often leathery, with an aborted inner lamella ; 

 maxillary palp four-jointed ; labial three-jointed ; ligula un- 

 divided ; mentum overlaps the labrum proper ; mesothorax 

 Aveak, with a scutellum, and bearing the elytrae ; metathorax 

 strong, bearing the functional wings. The elytras have three 

 margins ; the inner is usually straight (except in Meloe, &c.) 

 Where they touch medio-dorsally they form a suture, along 

 which they may be adherent, when the hind pair of wings 

 are functionless {elytra cotitiafa). The hinder edge may 

 form an apex, or may be shortened {e. Ireviata), so as 

 not to cover the posterior abdominal rings, when they are 

 called e. truncata ; when their inner edges do not touch they 

 are e. dehiscentia, or, if they overlap, e. coniplicantia. The 

 hind-wing has its costae mostly longitudinal, and it is folded 

 longitudinally, and once or twice transversely, so as to lie 

 when at rest completely under the elytron. The costae often 

 disappear in the wings of small species. The legs are gressorial 

 or cursorial, rarely swimming, and more rarely leaping. The 

 intestine is tortuous in the vegetable feeders, shorter, but 

 more differentiated, in carnivorous forms. The penis is 

 long, horny, covered with a sheath, and retractile. The Malpi- 

 ghian tubes are four short, or six long. The nerve-chain con- 

 sists of three thoracic, and four or five abdominal ganglia, which 

 may be more or less fused. The ovaries are fascicular tubes. A 



