liitrodiLctioii to A nimal Morpliology. 4 1 5 



with five-jointed tarsi ; metathoracic limb, with four large tarsal 

 joints. This contains: 11. Tenebrionidae — often wingless; 

 mandibles short, strong ; antennae lo-i i-jointed ; elytraoften 

 connate ; many have an ammoniacal smell, or are coated over 

 with a sort of surface secretion ; Blaps, the churchyard-beetle, 

 Tenebrio, the meal-worm, often found in ships' biscuits, 

 belong here. 12. Lagriarioe — antennae eleven-jointed, free, 

 pre-ocular; palps larger than the head ; prothorax twice as long 

 as the mesothorax ; larvae hairy, with four ocelli on each side. 

 13. Salpingidae — head horizontal, free, not narrowed at base ; 

 antennae clubbed at end ; otherwise as last ; larvae with 

 horny plates on each segment, and five pair of ocelli. 14. Py- 

 rochroidae — antennae thread-like, or pectinate (Pyrochroa) ; 

 head recept ; larvae with enormous penultimate segment, 

 and two pair of ocelli. 15. Melandryadae — antennae pre- 

 ocular, thread-like, maxillary palp with large end seg- 

 ment ; larvas with five pair of ocelli ; living in dead wood. 



16. Mordellidae — body long, wedge-shaped; head vertical; 

 maxillary palp with a knife-like terminal joint ; mandible 

 with a membranous margin internally ; eggs large, oval. 



17. Rhipiphoridae — palps with single joints; mandible with 

 no membranous margin ; antennae serrated in females, pecti- 

 nated often in males. The larvae of Metoecus paradoxus live 

 in wasps' nests, that of Rhipidius blattarum in the abdomen 

 of Blatta. 18. Cantharididae — antennae 8-1 i-jointed ; head 

 and neck smaller than the soft, leathery elytrae. The body 

 secretes a pungent blistering substance (Cantharidine). In 

 some forms the eggs are deposited in the nests of bees, and 

 emit hexapod bristled larvae, which are endoparasite. This 

 larva moults, becomes free, then pupiform, emits a second 

 larvae of diff"erent shape, from which the pupa, and finally 

 the imago, arise. This is called Hypermetamorphosis {Fabre). 

 Cantharis, the Spanish fly, or blistering beetle, belongs here. 

 Sitaris is in its larval stage parasitic in Anthophora pilipes. 

 Meloe, the oil beetle, has rudimental wings. 19. OEdeme- 

 ridae — longicorn-like, with heteromerous tarsus, and a softer 

 surface clothing ; larvae hairy, warted. 



Sub-order 4 : Pentamera — tarsi of all limbs five-jointed. 

 This includes: 20. Carabidae — body long, convex, hard, 



