Introduction to A nimal Morphology. 4 1 9 



filiform segments ; maxillary palps with six, — labial with 



four joints. The nervation of the wing is shown in the 



sketch. The eight or nine-jointed abdomen may be nearly 



sessile, but when of fewer segments Fig. 42, 



it joins the metathorax by a narrow 



stalk {petiole). There is in the female 



post-abdominally often an aculeus 



inclosed in two valvulae, or within 



a tube (terebra). The salivary glands wing of Hymenopteron : 



are grape-like in bees, &c. ; the sto- Lr.'se'rr^indlhird'cut'itii 



mach is long, annular, and complex : «^<^l'/' ^< r.^'i'^i '^^",'. 7; 8. dis- 



°' ' . f ■> coidal cells; c cubital veins; 



and in ants there is a gizzard. The A radial veins. 

 short vasa malpigii may be many score. The female has no 

 bursa copulatrix, but there is a receptaculum seminis, with an 

 appendicular gland. Many have two post-abdominal glands, 

 si mple or branched, opening into a common vesicle, whose 

 duct ends in a sting, by which they pierce the nerve 

 cord' of insects, on which their larvae feed. The tracheae 

 often dilate into vesicles, especially about the base of the 

 abdomen. The meso- and metathoracic ganglia are fused, as 

 are often the last pair of the 5-6 ventral ganglia. The larvae 

 have 6-8 pair oi pedes spurii, as well as the ordinary feet in 

 some, while others are footless. The saccular stomach is 

 at first aproctous, as the intestine does not communicate 

 therewith until after the first moult. 



There are three sub-orders : — I. Aculeata — sting-bearers ; 

 larvae aproctous ; eyeless, footless, abdomen petiolate. This 

 includes, 1 . Apiaridae : Bees — wings not folded ; anterior 

 with two or three (Bombus) cubital cells ; sting barbed ; 

 maxillary sheath elongated, knife-like ; labium suctorial. 

 The basal joint of the hindermost tarsus is flattened, and 

 often bristled, to collect pollen for the food of the larvae. 

 Many of the females are workers. They form hexagonal cells 

 for their young, of wax, or (as Anthophora, &c.) of foreign bo- 

 dies, glued together by saliva. Some bees lay their eggs in 

 the nests of others (like cuckoos). Apis mellifica is the com- 

 mon honey-bee, whose female is the queen bee, and whose 

 young are cared for by females with rudimental sex-organs 



2 E 2 



