Introduction to Animal Morphology, 421 



domen petiolate. The females lay their eggs with an ovipo- 

 sitor or terebra, covered by two valves, in p-jg . -j^ 

 the bodies of the larvae of other insects, 

 in whose cavities the footless larvae, when 

 hatched, are endoparasitic. 8. Chal- 

 cididae — antennae bent, 4-6-jointed ; 

 terebra ventral ; prothorax not elon- 

 gated to the wing-root. Blastophaga 

 is an agent in fertilizing figs. 9. Cy- 

 nipidae, Gall-flies — antennae thread- 

 like, 13-16-jointed ; abdomen com- 

 pressed. Cynips lays eggs in oak 

 leaves and branches, forming nut-galls. 

 Rhodites forms the " Bedeguar" on 

 roses. Synergos (a cuckoo form) lays Apocrypta paradoxa. a fig 

 eggs on the galls of Cynips. 10. Proc- Parasite, 

 totrypidae — antennae straight or elbowed, io-15-jointed, 

 rarely 8 ; minute black parasites. 11. Ichneumonidae — thin, 

 long, antennae many-jointed, thread-like ; terebra terminal, 

 straight ; abdomen attached to the upper side or to the end 

 (Ichneumon) of the metathorax. 



Sub-order 3. Phytophaga — abdomen sessile; ovipositor 

 saw-like ; larvae with more than six feet, and proctuchous. 

 12. Tenthredinidae, Saw-flies — antennae thick at end; 3-30- 

 jointed ; metathorax with a deep notch above ; eggs laid 

 under the epidermis of leaves. Nematus lives in willow 

 leaves. Tenthredo, the saw-fly, is common on roses, and the 

 larva of one form, Athalia centifolia, is often destructive to 

 turnips (Nigger caterpillars). 13. Uroceridae, tailed or wood 

 wasps — antennae straight, thread-like, 11, 24-jointed ; abdo- 

 men cylindrical, nine-ringed, with prominent terebra. 



