TRACHEATA 331 
The testes lie in the fourth and fifth abdominal segments ; 
they consist on each side of six small flattened bodies, each of 
which has a short duct. The six ducts unite into a single 
vas deferens, which is much coiled; just before the vasa 
deferentia of the two sides unite they are rather swollen, 
and form vesiculae seminales, they then receive the secretion 
of two coiled accessory glands. The united vasa deferentia 
open into an extremely large and complicated ejaculatory 
apparatus, which can be protruded just below and in front 
of the rectum. 
The ovaries consist of six tubes upon each side; their inner 
tapering ends are united into a strand of tissue which is attached 
to the tergum of the first abdominal segment; the ova arise 
from the endothelal cells which line these tubes. The cells are 
undifferentiated at the inner end of the tube, but as they approach 
the oviduct they assume more and more the character of the ripe 
ova; between each two eggs is a mass of cells whose function 
is to afford nourishment to the ova, which attain a considerable 
size. The six tubules on each side unite into an oviduct, and 
the two oviducts fuse and form the vagina, which opens just 
in front of the rectum. A small accessory gland and a sper- 
matheca are present, and, in addition to these, a large bursa or 
sac, into which the penis is introduced during fertilisation. 
The adult cockchafers may be seen flying about in the 
dusk during the months of May and June; they live upon the 
leaves of deciduous trees, and at times do a good deal of damage 
by denuding the branches of their foliage. The female deposits 
her ova, in clumps of about thirty, several inches below the 
surface of the ground. Each ege gives rise to a larva with a 
brownish, hard, chitinous head, and a white body of twelve 
segments, the last two of which are swollen into a “sack.” 
The three segments immediately succeeding the head are each 
provided with a pair of four-jointed legs. The larva creeps 
through the earth, and lives on roots, in this way often causing 
considerable loss to the agriculturist. The larva lives three 
years, and in this time grows to a considerable size; at the 
end of the third summer it burrows to a depth of about two feet 
in the ground, and there forms a spherical cell; in this it turns 
into a brown chrysalis. The pupa thus formed is a pupa 
