THE SENSES OF INSECTS. 11 



lower wing was very much diffused with white ; several of the 

 specimens in that locality, though fresh out, were rather pale and 

 washed out, especially on the under side of hind wings. — E. ida, Esp. 

 At Taormina, Messina, and Palermo, in June. 



C. pamphilus var. lyllus, Boisd. This variety occurs in the 

 summer brood. I found it between Bocco di Falco and La Rocca, 

 near Palermo, in June; though after 5 p.m., and a stormy evening, 

 with the sirocco blowing, it was still on the wing and in perfect 

 condition. 



S. alcecB, Esq. I took two male specimens at Syracuse in May, and 

 had observed it also at Palermo. — 8. althece., Hiib. I took one male 

 specimen at Palermo in May, and observed others. 



H. thaiunas, Hufn. One male specimen at Taormina in June. — 

 H. act(Eon, Esp. Common at Taormina, Messina, and Palermo in 

 June ; female rare. — U. nostrodamus, F. Not very common at Taor- 

 mina and Messina in June. 



Bath, November, 1896. 



THE SENSES OF INSECTS. 

 By G. W. Smith. 



May I express some of my views on this subject in connection 

 with the interesting papers of Mr. Arkle and others that have 

 appeared from time to time in the 'Entomologist"? 



It has struck me in the first place that if Mr. Arlde had 

 discovered organs of hearing in insects he would have achieved 

 a great anatomical success ; but since he has not done so, I do 

 not think we should accept his failure as a proof of their non- 

 existence, granted even that his search has been exhaustive. The 

 anatomical search has been made thoroughly for actual organs of 

 hearing, and naturally or unnaturally enough the search has not 

 been successful. But this does not lessen the importance of a 

 large body of facts which have been adduced from quite a 

 different point of view. 



Eomanes justly remarks,* that we have no actual (anatomical 

 here) evidence of objective intelligence in the world; but his next 

 statement is as just, namely, that we may presume the presence 

 of that quality in an organism that responds to a certain 

 stimulus in an original and uninstinctive manner. 



And to take a different case : when a dog growls, in most 

 cases it is not rash to presume that the dog is angry ; and when 

 a cat purrs, we may safely deduce that the cat is pleased, 

 although the terms are comparative. 



The facts that are to be collected, therefore, with regard to 

 the senses of insects, must take this form rather than the form 

 of evidence obtained from the dissecting table. Now the facts to 

 which I refer have been conveniently compiled in the second 



•'' ' Introduction to Animal Intelligence ' (Science Series). 



