182 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



among herbage, to close up to the summit of the stalk or stem, 

 where they were of course fully exposed. As a matter of fact, 

 some of the latter were evidently indiscreetly placed, as they 

 offered a tempting morsel to epicures in that particular line 

 of dainty fare, and tbe contents of the cocoons had been 

 duly annexed. The cocoons placed nearer the ground, or at 

 least among the herbage, were, so far as I could ascertain, left 

 intact. 



It is of course well known that the specimens of Z. Jili- 

 penduhe occurring in June have been referred to liippocrejndis by 

 Stephens, and there is no reason why the form that Stephens 

 described under that name should not retain the distinctive 

 cognomen, as it is not likely to be confused with Z. Idppocrcpidis, 

 Hiibn. Stephens's name cannot, however, apply to the June 

 flight of the insect as a whole, because all the individuals are 

 not of the form which he described as hippocrepidis ; many of 

 them on the contrary are unmistakable typical filipcnduhe. 

 Again, but this does not present any objection to using the name, 

 var. Idppocrcpidis occurs among the individuals of filipendidie 

 emerging in July and August, and I have examples taken or 

 bred in those months both at Yentnor and Folkestone. 



As already mentioned, I obtained larvae with the pupse and 

 imagines. I think there is no question about what species the 

 larvffi belong to, — yellow, with two interrupted black dorsal 

 stripes and a narrower and more interrupted black stripe on 

 each side above the spiracles. Perhaps it would be more correct 

 to describe the black markings as longitudinal series of spots. 



The imagines are emerging from pupae at the rate of from 

 four to twelve per day, and in some of the cocoons the larvaB have 

 not yet pupated, so that it is quite likely that July will be well 

 in before the last of the moths appears. Turning to my notes, 

 I find that in 1887 I brought some larvae from Ventnor on 

 June 21st, and the imagines, including var. Jdppocrepidis, emerged 

 in July. In 1885, at Folkestone, I found Z . fiUpcndidcB exceed- 

 ingly abundant in the last week of August, and on that occasion 

 I secured one of the most variable series I have been able to 

 obtain so far, and among the specimens there were examples of 

 hippocrepidis. So in the matter of dates we have June, July, 

 and August for the variety in question, and we see that typical 

 Z . filipendid(B is on the wing during the same months. 



With regard to the relationship of Z. fiUpendidcE and Z. tri- 

 folii, I am of opinion that it is an exceedingly close one. In fact, 

 I am inclined to suppose that the former may be a development 

 of the latter. In other years I have seen the two species flying 

 together, but I have never seen fdipenduUe paired with trifolii. 

 I am quite open to admit that such pairings do take place, 

 although I am hardl}- disposed to accept var. hippocrepidis as 

 the result. 



