LARVAL LOBSTERS 205 
than once. In this stage they are free-swimming Schizo- 
pods about a third of an inch long, without appendages to 
the pleon, but with six pairs of pediform appendages under 
the carapace, each with an excpod developed into a power- 
ful swimming organ. ‘The eyes are bright blue; the 
anterior portion and the lower margin of the carapace and 
_ the bases of the legs are speckled with orange; the lower 
margin, the whole of the penultimate, and the basal por- 
tion of the ultimate segment of the abdomen | pleon], are 
«brilliant reddish orange.’ In the second stage appendages 
to the pleon have appeared on the segments from the 
second to the fifth, these same segments carrying dorsal 
spines as in the preceding and following stages, but with 
successive reductions in their size. In the third stage the 
appendages of the sixth segment of the pleon are well 
developed, although quite different from those in the adult. 
Considering that the Norway Lobster and the Common 
Lobster when adult are so nearly allied that they might 
almost be included in a single genus, the difference be- 
tween the larval forms of the two is at first sight rather 
startling, but when more narrowly examined it will be 
seen that the structure in both is essentially the same, 
only that the telson of the larval Nephrops has been trans- 
versely outdrawn to a portentous extent. The larval 
Porcellana has been already mentioned as developing a 
monstrous spine in the longitudinal direction ; the larvee 
of the Cirripede, Lepas fascicularis, bristle with spines, 
and it is likely that many of the infant Crustacea may 
find in these processes an efficient protection to their 
‘minute and delicate frames against foes not much bigger 
than themselves. That they have such enemies it is easy 
to guess, and Professor Smith says of his young lobsters 
of the first stage, ‘‘They appeared, while thus in confine- 
ment, to feed principally upon very minute animals of 
different kinds, but were several times seen to devour 
small zoéee, and occasionally when much crowded, so that 
some of them became exhausted, they fed upon each other, 
the stronger ones eating the weaker.’ We cannot afford 
to find fault with their juvenile morals, since similar prac- 
