81 



Fig. 7. Au unusually elongated spiculum, of the fusiformi-spinulate foi-m, from the lower 

 cortical stratum. 



— 8. The head and basis of the shaft of the same. 



— 9. A fusiformi-spinulate spiculum, with lateral excrescences. 



— 10. 2 spicula of the same sort, with abnormally shaped head. 



— 11. One of the long needle-shaped spicula from the radiating fascicles that penetrate 



the parenchym. 



— 12. The pointed end of the same, strongly magnified. 



— 13. The opposite bulbously enlarged end. 



— 14. The outer part of one of the marginal bristle-shaped spicula. . 

 • — 15. The thicker end of a similar spiculum. 



Fig. l(i— 34. Cladorhiza abyssicola. 



Fig. 10. A perfect specimen, with developed gemmules in the interior of the parenchym, 

 slightly magnified. 



— 17. An other more ramified specimen, also slightly magnified, a, an Arcapectunculoides 



attached to the stem. 



— 18. A piece of stem with basis of one of the lateral processes, treated with a weak 



solution of caustic potass, shewing the an-angement of the spicula. 



— 19: The extremity of one of the lateral processes, shewing the central fascicle of spi- 



cula, and the superficial closely packed inequi-anchorate spicula. 



— 20. Some of the latter, more strongly magnified. 



— 21. The extremity of a branch, shewing the club-shaped enlarged point. 



— 22. A small portion of the extremity of a branch treated with caustic potass and com- 



pressed, more strongly magnified; shewing the gemmules in process of formation, 

 and the 4 ditierent sorts of spicula. 



— 23. A piece of the ramified root, shewing the fascicles of spicula gradually becoming 



disunited. 



— 24. One of the extreme ramifications of the root, more strongly magnified, shewing the 



arrangement of the spicula in the same. 



— 25. One of the central spicula of the stem. 



— 26. One of the smallest central spicida from the extremity of a branch. 



— 27. The pointed ends of 2 dili'ereut central spicula. 



— 28. The obtuse end of the same. 



— 29. One of the simply bihamate spicula; side view. 



— 30. A somewhat smaller Do. seen from the side and below. 



— 31. 3 of the inequi-anchorate spicula, magnified to the same degree. 



— 32. The same sort of spicula, more strongly magnified, a, as thej most usually shew 



themselves ; l, with 5 distinct hooks (rare). 



11 



