190 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



Various suggestions were offered; some supposing that 

 the corresponding area of the opposite hemisphere might ac- 

 quire the function of the lost portion, others that any other 

 part of the same hemisphere might substitute for it. 



In 1876 appeared Ferrier's Functions of the Brain which, 

 however applicable the criticism of Munk may be (" roh 

 war operirt, roh beobachtet, roh geschlossen") served to 

 awaken interest and collected a large body of facts for subse- 

 quent analysis. From twenty-four experiments or so he was 

 able to lay oft' the entire cerebrum into areas whose functions 

 were defined in no ambiguous or doubtful manner — in strong 

 contrast to the methods of German investigators. 



Hitzig entered this field about the same time, but was un- 

 able to escape from the contradictions presented by his 

 experiments. 



Goltz brought to his aid a new method of investigation, 

 which was expected to control the hemorrhage which inter- 

 fered with extensive extirpation. The brain substance was 

 removed by jets of water. His observations(') led him to 

 believe that injury to any part of the cortex produced dis- 

 turbance of all the sensory and motor functions, which dis- 

 turbances were roughly proportional to amount of injury. In 

 most cases the disturbances were temporary and were con- 

 sidered due to inhibitory action of the injured part. He 

 recognized that in some cases there was actual and permanent 

 loss. 



Prominent among those who have contributed permanent 

 materials to the doctrine of cerebral localization is Hermann 

 Munk, whose papers appeared in various periodicals from 

 1877 to the present time and bear evidence of unlimited 

 patience and critical acumen. The first of these papers(-) 

 contains a resume- of results obtained by extirpating circular 

 cortical areas fifteen mm. in diameter and two mm. thick 

 over the exposed portions of the brain. He concluded that a 



1 Goltz, Pfluger's Archiv, Bd. 13-14. 



2 Verhandlungen der Physiologischen Gesellschaft 2U Berlin, 1876-77, No. 16. 



