292 Journal of Com pa rati \'e Neurology. 



pathic ganglia (Fig. S.) cephalad and caudad; in the cephalic 

 three lumbar nerves, these rami join the great solar plexus 

 (Fig. PI. S.). 



The lumbar nerves are conveniently grouped into two 

 groups, those w^hich do not enter into the lumbar plexus, 

 viz., the cephalic four pairs ^ comparable with the first lumbar 

 (anthropotomy) , and those which are so related, viz., the 

 caudal three pairs, comparable with the lower four lumbar 

 nerves (anthropotomy). 



Special Characters. — T^he first and, second lumbar nerves 

 give the first branch to the diaphragm (Fig. Dia.) instead of 

 the M. psoas; they join the solar plexus (PI. S.), they follow 

 the abdominal lumbar artery through the aponeurotic origin 

 fibres of the diaphragm, and lie upon its cephalic surface 25 

 mm. peripherad of the foramen of exit. Five mm. still 

 peripherad, in the aponeurotic interdigitations of the ectal 

 oblique muscle (M. abdominis obliquus ectalis),the trunk 

 separates into cephalic (Fig. ce. ) and caudal (Fig. ca.) divi- 

 sions. The cephalic division follows the abdominal artery, 

 penetrates the overlying (ectal) muscle, innerves the ental, 

 the transverse and the rectus muscles of the abdomen, anasto- 

 moses with the cephalic divisions of the adjacent nerves (Fig. 

 anas.), and sends terminal filaments to the adjacent integu- 

 ment (umbilical and hypogastric). The caudal division has 

 its course caudad and slightly ventrad; it lies upon the ectal 

 surface of the ental muscle, to which it gives filaments in the 

 umbilical and the hypogastric regions. This division lies 

 entad of the cephalic division of the lumbar nerve next 

 caudad. 



The third and fourth lumbar nerves (first lumbar of 

 anthropotomy). These nerves have the ectal origins and 

 proximal rami similar to the first and second. The third 

 nerve joins the solar plexus cephalad, but the sympathic 

 ganglion caudad. The fourth does not anastomose with the 

 plexus. The cephalic divisions are distributed farther caudad, 

 reaching the gluteal (Fig. Th.) and inguinal regions (Fig. 



