Kappers, Teleostean and Selachian Brain. 5 



his original opinion that the lateral parts of the anterior lobes of 

 the fishes just mentioned are to be reckoned with the pallium, and 

 even speaking of the teleosts he says (1896), "Ich selbst bin der 

 Meinung, dass da keine Griinde bestehen, um eine vollstandige 

 Homologie leugnen zu miissen: Wie die Hemisphaeren (Lobi 

 post, derselben) der Ganoiden, sind auch die der Teleostier nach 

 aussen umgestiilpt." He asserts that what Edinger calls the 

 epistriatum in these fishes contains a pallial region, and so, mor- 

 phologically and embryologically, he comes to the same results to 

 which Herrick and Haller came by their histological researches 

 and to which Studnicka also refers in his last publication on this 

 subject. 



I have thought it necessary to point out this question here 

 because it has dominated and still dominates the whole fore-brain 

 problem and is of fundamental interest. From this historical 

 sketch it appears that almost all the problems have arisen from 

 the different interpretations of the fore-brain, which for many 

 centuries before Rabl-Ruckhard's discovery of the pallium was 

 misunderstood, and which in turn caused all kinds of misinter- 

 pretations of the more caudal parts of the brain. 



The new question now current regarding the anterior lobes 

 which has been raised by Rabl-Ruckhard, Burckhardt and 

 Studnicka morphologically, and by Edinger, Haller, C. L. 

 Herrick and Johnston histologically, will be treated again after I 

 have communicated my own results. It will be unnecessary to 

 review here the history of the microscopical structure. The 

 opinions of my predecessors will be mentioned in connection with 

 each part. 



technical note. 



Before I started my researches upon the brains of fishes I 

 examined a human oblongata and mid-brain to get some first- 

 hand knowledge of the structure of that part of our own brain. 

 The serial sections of this material, after fixation in Muller's 

 fluid, were stained by van Gibson's method, an excellent method 

 for general purposes, especially for the study of heavily medul- 

 lated tracts and the structure of the gray substance. 



For my researches on the brains of the different fishes examined 

 I made use of Pal's modification of Weigert's method, which I 

 prefer to Weigert's original method as it enables us to use a good 



