4 'Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



mal membrane, maintains that the basal lobes contain regions 

 which physiologically have the same functions as certain pallial 

 regions of mammals. So he speaks of a hippocampal lobe, a 

 cuneus, a corpus callosum and other parts. 



Haller does not go as far as Herrick did and only declared 

 that he had been convinced by his researches that in the basal 

 lobes of the teleosts there is included a region which in the sela- 

 chians is situated in the pallium itself. 



Besides these authors, who wholly or partly drew their conclu- 

 sions from the microscopic structure of the gray substance and 

 the course of the fiber tracts, there were Burckhardt and 

 Studnicka, who worked out the question from a morphological 

 standpoint. Burckhardt's considerations originate in Kupf- 

 fer's discovery of the so-called lobus olfactorius impar, a recess 

 which was considered by this author as the anterior neuroparus. 

 Now, Burckhardt calls that part of the fore-brain roof which 

 extends from the anterior neuropore to the paraphysis and later- 

 ally from one nervous mass to the other the "lamina supra- 

 neuroporica." The extent of this ependymal membrane is the 

 criterion for the degree in which the pallium has become a nervous 

 mass. Now, according to the degree in which the lamina supra- 

 neuroporica persists, he classifies the fishes in this order: Teleosts; 

 Ganoids; among the selachians, Notidanidae, Holocephali, Spina- 

 cidae, Carchariidae, and finally the group to which belong Mylio- 

 bates, Zygaena and Trygon, where almost the whole lamina supra- 

 neuroporica has become a thickened nervous mass. Among 

 these fishes, the teleosts and ganoids should have no thickened 

 nervous pallium, while in the ascending series of the selachians, 

 a nervous pallium already occurs in the Notidanidae and becomes 

 larger in the other forms. 



Studnicka, in contrast with the other authors, does not con- 

 sider the ependymal roof of the fore-brain as a real pallium but 

 rather as a tela choroidea, a continuation of the roof of the third 

 ventricle, which, accordingly, in the ganoids would extend to the 

 olfactory bulb, because the roof of the olfactory bulb, as appears 

 from the investigations of Rabl-Ruckhard and others, is ependy- 

 mal. The real pallium of the cyclostomes and ganoids would be 

 represented in these fishes by the lateral parts of the anterior lobes 

 in a more or less degree. 



In his further publications on this subject Studnicka confirms 



