232 "Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology 



*25. Les receptions oculaires. Bull. Inst, psychol., Paris, Vol. 5, pp. 171-181. 1905. 



*26. Les causes actuelles et les causes passees. Rev. Sc, Vol 3, pp. 353-57, 389-94. 1905. 



27. Mouvements rotatoires d'origine oculaire. C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris, Vol. 58. pp. 714-16. 1905. 



*28. Attractions et oscillations des animaux marins sous I'influence de la lumiere. Memoirs Inst., 

 psychol., Paris. I, pp. 108. 1905. 



29. Des tropismes et desetats physiologiques. C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris, Vol. 59, pp. 515-16. 1905. 



30. L'eclairment des veux et les mouvements rotatoires. Essais et erreurs dans les tropismes. C. 



R. Soc. Bio!., Paris, Vol. 59, pp. 564-67. 1905. 

 *3i. Impulsions motrices d'origine oculaire chez les Crustaces. Bull. Inst, psychol., Paris, Vol. 

 5, 42. pp. 1905. 



A general review and discussion of the work of Georges Bohn is justified, I 

 believe, by the fact that it is known scarcely at all in America, although much of 

 it is of considerable importance to students of animal behavior. This surprising 

 lack of acquaintance with Bohn 's papers in this country is due, no doubt, in large 

 measure, to the fact that many of the Hiost important of them have appeared in 

 the bulletins and memoir of the Psychological Institute of Paris, which, so far as 

 1 can learn, are in very few of our libraries. 



The general field in which Bohn has worked, as is indicated by the titles of his 

 papers, is that of animal behavior. The problems which he has sought to solve 

 are in the broadest sense biological, for he is interested in the psychology of his 

 subjects as well as in the dynamics of protoplasm. While believing in the legitimacy 

 and value of comparative psychology, he insists, especially in his most recent 

 papers, that subjective terms shall not be used merely to cloak our ignorance of 

 the conditions which determine reaction. Consequently his work is of equal in- 

 terest to the radical objectivists of the Beer-Bethe-von Uexkull-Nuel camp, 

 with their emphatic denials of the possibility of comparative psychology, and to 

 such extreme subjectivists and anthropomorphists as BiNET, Wasmann and Weir. 

 It is apparent from his writings that he has become much more guarded in his use 

 of psychological terms during the last few years than he was earlier in his career. 



The striking characteristics of Bohn's experimental work are simplicity and 

 directness; of his writings, a iabeled-and-numbered-package method of presenta- 

 tion and repetition. One is likely to underestimate the value of his observations 

 because of the extreme simplicity of his methods and the predominance of qualita- 

 tive studies. l^'Iucn of the work seems crude and inexact at first, but careful con- 

 sideration of tl" I author's purposes and methods of presentation leads me to con- 

 clude that it has great value. For Bohn is constantly bringing to light new facts; 

 and if, in the opinion of certain of his readers, these same facts are not always sat- 

 isfactorily established, his work will at least serve an excellent purpose in stimulat- 

 ing other investigators to further experimentation along the lines which he has 

 indicated. Unhappily, our author is addicted to the publication of brief notes 

 during the progress of his investigations, the substance of which he later brings into 

 a single long paper. This manner of presenting the results of experimental work, 

 which prevails in France because of the custom of publishing full reports of the 

 meetings of academies and societies, is wasteful of the reader's time and patience, 

 for it forces him to look up a number of papers of which only one is of value to him. 



The papers v hich we propose to consider in this review naturally fall into four 

 groups: (i). Studies of the psvchic life: Receptive capacity, intelligence, memory, 

 etc., of various animals. In this group belong the papers numbered 2, 11, 12, 14, 

 15 and 24. (2). Studies of the forms of reaction of various animals. Papers 



