APPENDIX III APPEND EX tik 
are taken by hand picking and by diving. The Alaska Depart-— 
ment of Fish and Game reported that 28 seine vessels, 2 gill- 
netters, and 1 herring pound netter participated in Alaskan 
herring fishery during 1973 and 1974 compared with 10 seine 
vessels and 2 pound netters during 1970 and 1971 and 22 
seiners and 2 pound netters during 1972 and 1973. The in- 
crease in fishing gear during 1973 and 1974 was attributed 
to the high prices paid for herring roe. Alaskan herring 
eqgs on kelp were all hand picked. 
Employment 
There were 392 fishermen engaged in the Atlantic coast 
herring fishery in 1972. Most fishermen were located in 
Maine and fished only for part of the year. Processing and 
wholesaling establishments in Maine employed about 1,300 
people in 1972. 
In 1972 NMFS listed 211 Pacific coast vessel fishermen 
involved in purse or haul seining for herring, and 195 ad- 
ditional fishermen were similarly employed fishing from boats 
or from shore. Of the total 406 fishermen using this partic- 
ular gear, 381 were from Alaska. We could not determine the 
number of fishermen who participated in the fishery using 
other gear types because similar statistics were not availa- 
ble. 
Recreational fishing 
There is no recreational fishing for Atlantic herring, 
but herring are part of the diet of popular recreational fish, 
such as bluefish and striped bass. Pacific herring does not 
support a sport fishery either; however, they are actively 
pursued by sport fishermen for use as fresh bait. For in- 
stance, in Alaska the presence of herring jigs on sportfish- 
ing vessels is almost universal, and the use of gillnets for 
bait catching is quite common. 
Management controls 
Regulation of Atlantic herring stocks is split. Inside 
the 3-mile territorial limit, the fishery is regulated by the 
States. Beyond this zone, NMFS, in cooperation with the 
Coast Guard, enforces regulations adopted by the International 
Commission for Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF). NMFS and 
the Coast Guard monitor fishing activity off U.S. coasts 
through aerial surveillance and vessel boardings. ICNAF es- 
tablishes annual quotas on the amount of herring that-can be 
harvested by member nations. 
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