APPENDIX III APPENDIX IIT 
The leading gulf menhaden ports are: 
--Moss Point, Mississippi. 
--Empire, Louisiana. 
--Morgan City, Louisiana. 
--Cameron, Louisiana. 
--Intracoastal City, Louisiana. 
--Dulac, Louisiana. 
Products and processing--Atlantic and gulf 
The gulf menhaden yield twice the oil as the Atlantic 
menhaden, but the same quantity of meal. 
The products for which menhaden is used include fish- 
meal, oil, and solubles--products that are used in dozens 
of ways. The fishmeal is high in protein, minerals, and 
other essential nutrients, and is an excellent additive in 
poultry, Swine, and «cattle “keed- 
More than a hundred uses have been developed for the 
menhaden oil alone. The oil is used in bath soaps and the 
manufacture of lipstick, and the preparation of lard substi- 
tutes, in which huge quantities of oil are shipped to Europe 
for that purpose. In Europe, it also goes into the manufac- 
ture of candles, soap, leather dressing, etc. The oil is 
used in manufacturing paints, varnishes, stains, and large 
quantities are still used by the leather industry. The sol- 
ubles include fluid protein and water soluble amino acids, 
which are important to human health. 
An attempt was made during World War II to process and 
can menhaden for humans, but the extreme oiliness and many 
small bones prevented the species from reaching popularity 
as a table fish. 
The processing of menhaden is highly mechanized. Men- 
haden are unloaded by pumps from the hold of the vessel and 
weighed and conveyed through a continuous process of steam 
cooking, pressing, and separation of liquids and solids. 
The solid portion or press cake is dried and ground into 
fishmeal. 
/eathe liquids are centrifuged to separate the oil and 
stickwater. Stickwater is further reduced by evaporation to 
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