APPENDIX IIT APPENDIX III 
According to the 1975 Alaska salmon study, several 
problems are associated with managing the salmon fishery in 
Alaska. Some of these problems include no precise information 
about stock population, probable return timing and spawning 
destination, the large size of the State, the multitude of 
salmon streams, and the financial and manpower needs of the 
State being out of balance with the resources to be managed. 
According to an NMFS official in Alaska, other problems af- 
fecting Alaska fisheries are: The existence of an over- 
capitalized fleet, user group pressure for more fish, and 
Japanese fishing of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon. 
According to a Washington State Fishery official, some 
of the problems concerning fisheries management in Washington 
are: an overcapitalized fishing fleet; continued user group 
pressure for more fish; uncontrolled transfer of catch from 
one fishery or fishing group to another; and regulating the 
offshore troll fisheries. 
EFFECTS OF A 200-MILE 
LIMIT ON THE FISHERY 
According to a 1971 NMFS report on the ocean distri- 
bution of salmon, all major North American salmon stocks are 
also present outside a 200-mile line in the Gulf of Alaska. 
However, the present Japanese catch of U.S. salmon is limited 
by International North Pacific Fisheries Commission. Under 
the Commission, the Japanese salmon fleet is prohibited from 
fishing for salmon east of the provisional abstention line 
at 175° west longitude. The NMFS report states that this 
abstention line provides practically 100-percent protection 
from Japanese high seas fishing for all North American salmon 
stocks except for the Alaska sockeye salmon and possibly the 
chinook salmon originating in western Alaska. 
The Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, 
which extends the U.S. jurisdiction over fisheries resources 
to 200 miles, calls for a renegotiation of all international 
agreements and treaties to make them conform to the act. It 
is unknown at this time how renegotiation will affect the 
provisional abstention line, but nevertheless the act provides 
for exclusive U.S. management authority over all. anadromous 
Species such as salmon throughout the migratory range of the 
Species beyond the conservation zone. An exception to this 
policy occurs when such species are found within any foreign 
nation's territorial sea or fishery conservation zone 
recognized by the United States. Therefore, U.S. salmon stocks 
should remain under the management control of the United 
States, with or without the abstention line, if the United 
States enforces provisions of the Fishery Conservation and 
Management Act of 1976. 
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