APPENDIX IV APPENDIX IV 
the export market. Quality controls, including licenses is- 
sued to processors, are issued by the Fisheries Ministry. 
Fish processing facilities in Denmark range from small 
individually owned firms to large multimillion-dollar fac- 
tories. The majority of the larger factories are used for 
producing fishmeal and oil. A large percentage of these 
facilities are foreign owned as the Danish Government main- 
tains a liberal attitude toward foreign ownership of fish- 
processing plants in Denmark. 
Cooperatives are an important factor in the Danish fish- 
processing plants. Membership in these organizations can 
range from a couple of small private firms to several hundred. 
One cooperative near Copenhagen has 40 processing firms each 
employing from 3 to 30 people. It has been in operation for 
10 years and leases its land from the Government for a 75- 
year period. All members of this cooperative are engaged in 
producing finished fish products (smoked fish, fish cakes, 
herring, etc.). None are involved in catching fish. Several 
unions are represented; for example, the fish packers belong 
to one and transporters to another. 
The cooperative processed-fish products were valued 
about $56 million in 1974. Less than 10 percent of the pro- 
cessed fish goes to exports. Most is sold to fish markets, 
stores, and restaurants in the Copenhagen area. The Danish 
Government inspects the cooperative at least once a year. It 
checks and records such things as where the fish were caught, 
their size, and sanitation conditions. 
Within the cooperative the average salary is about $220 
per week. The average fish cleaner (union member) earns 
about $150 per week. An incentive system exists for most 
processors. Several workers function as a team and receive 
a bonus measured upon the number of fish they are able to 
process. Team pressure improves performance. 
DOMESTIC USE OF FISH PRODUCTS 
Edible fish is consumed principally in fresh form, but 
an increasing amount is being processed into frozen fillets, 
canned, cured, and smoked products. More than 80 percent of 
the Danish catch is used for nonfood purposes, principally 
fish meal and oil of which about 61 percent is exported. 
Domestic consumption is high, about 70.2 pounds a year 
per person in 1974, about 50 percent higher than the average 
for Western Europe. Notable among the domestic food fish 
consumed are shrimp, salmon, and cod. Danish-caught supplies 
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