APPENDIX IV APPENDIX IV 
Soviet workers in fish processing plants are generally 
paid an hourly wage and bonuses when production quotas are 
exceeded. Current information is not available on either the 
number of employees or the average wage paid to workers in 
processing facilities. 
DOMESTIC USE OF FOOD PRODUCTS 
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization Year- 
books, the Soviet Union had available 10.4 billion pounds of 
processed fish in 1973. About 9.2 billion pounds processed 
fishl, or 89 percent, was used for food and the remainder 
was used for other purposes. 
Most of the seafood was fresh, chilled, or frozen (64 
percent). The remainder was either canned (19 percent), dried, 
salted, or smoked (17 percent). Fish products not used for 
food were primarily used for fish meal. 
From 1969 through 1973 demand for fish products in- 
creased rapidly. Soviet production of seafood increased by 
about 21 percent; production of nonfood fish products in- 
creased by about 41 percent. 
In 1973 per capita fish consumption was about 35 pounds 
(about three times higher than U.S. per capita consumption). 
The Soviet government had established a per capita con- 
sumption goal of between 44 and 48 pounds to be reached by 
1975. NMFS estimates this goal will be reached by 1977 or 
IU) Tish 
Failure of the Soviet Union to meet its 1975 goal for 
per capita fish consumption may have been caused in large 
part by an inadequate distribution system for processed fish 
products. The Soviet Ministry of Domestic Trade is respon- 
sible for marketing finished fish products. According to NMFS 
this ministry is unable to provide the high level of market- 
ing technology required to sell frozen fish which represents 
about 50 percent of sales. A Soviet fishing official con- 
cluded that the Ministry of Domestic Trade wholesale centers 
should do more than merely transfer processed fish from ship 
to shore. He recommended establishing permanent areas for 
marketing the products and establishing new and larger pro- 
cessing enterprises under the various wholesale centers. 
Inata was not available on the production of herring or 
miscellaneous fish products (fresh or chilled). 
343 
