APPENDIX IV APPENDIX IV 
Type of food Percent of total value 
Meat and dairy products 84.8 
Fish products B15 
Other 6.9 
Total 100.0 
NMFS found that Soviet fishing exports have become pro- 
gressively more important to the economy as foreign funds 
obtained through a foreign trade surplus have become more 
difficult to obtain. In 1974 Soviet fish exports exceeded 
imports by $23 million. 
GOVERNMENT ROLE IN THE FISHING INDUSTRY 
The Soviet government through its Fishery Ministry con- 
trols the fishing industry and provides both policy guidance 
and funding to the industry. Support programs for the in- 
dustry are significant; $5.2 billion was invested in the in- 
dustry from 1971 through 1975. The fishing fleet, rather 
than processing facilities, receives most of these invest- 
ments. There is a trend, however, toward providing a greater 
portion of the investments to the processing sector. 
The Soviet government has the world's largest fishing 
training fleet. Costs of maintaining the fleet are partly 
offset by earnings from the fleet's harvest. 
The Soviet Union operates an extensive oceanographic re- 
search program. Research areas include undersea research and 
development, deep sea diving and underwater habitats, and 
marine biology and aquaculture. In 1974 about 200 vessels 
and 7,000 to 8,000 scientists were engaged in oceanographic 
research. 
Management programs of the government are concerned with 
conserving fish stocks. This is accomplished by requiring 
licenses to fish and by controlling the size of fish harvest- 
ed, the season when fishing may be conducted, and the equip- 
ment and methods which may be used for fishing. Enforcement 
efforts for these programs, however, have been largely in- 
effective. 
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