APPENDIX IV APPENDIX IV 
The Soviet Union programs dealing with deep sea diving 
and underwater habitats have a low priority and research is 
performed at depths less than 300 meters, the depth level 
of most continental shelf areas of the Soviet Union. 
Marine biology and aquaculture programs have a high 
priority. According to the Congressional Research Service, 
the Soviet aquaculture program is the largest and most com- 
prehensive in the world and research in this area has more 
than doubled since the 1950s. As a result, hundreds of mil- 
lions of fish are hatched each year. The Congressional Re- 
search Service reported that it believes Soviet emphasis in 
this area will continue through the 1970s. 
Management programs 
Soviet fishing regulations demonstrate a concern for 
conserving fish stocks. The regulations require fishing 
licenses and govern the size of fish which may be harvested, 
the season and place where fish may be harvested, and the 
equipment and methods used for harvesting. 
The Soviet Union is a member of the International Com- 
mission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries and several 
other international fishing commissions. As such, Soviet 
fishermen are bound by quotas and other regulations of these 
commissions. The Soviet government shares patrol and in- 
spection responsibilities with other nations to insure that 
the commission's regulations are enforced. 
There is increasing concern in the Soviet Union over 
water pollution and poaching problems (fishing by illegal 
methods). Enforcement of legislation to curb pollution has 
been unsuccessful. Inland waters have been polluted by in- 
dustrial wastes and have caused massive destruction of fish 
stocks but violators of antipollution laws have gone un- 
punished. 
In 1971 more than 4,000 violations were cited in the 
Soviet Union against poachers and other violators of fishing 
regulations. The Government's efforts to enforce regulations 
against poaching were unsuccessful and poaching continued. 
Efforts to enforce fishing regulations are compounded by 
the large number of Soviet sports fishermen, estimated to 
number at least 10 million people. 
Only limited information was available on fish proces- 
sing regulations or government programs to enforce these 
regulations. According to an NMFS official fish products pro- 
cessed for foreign use must meet the processing regulations 
of the importing country. 
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