APPENDIX VI APPENDIX VI 
30 
In the case of the International North Pacific Fisheries conven- 
tion, the terms of the tripartite convention of Canada, Japan, and the 
United States give primary consideration to principles of conservation. 
However, the convention also calls for the abstention from fishing by 
Japan for halibut, salmon, and herring found off the coast of Canada and 
the United States. Herring and Bering Sea halibut stocks have been 
taken off the abstention list since the Convention came into force in 
1954. But Japan still abstains from fishing salmon of North American 
origin east of 175° west longitude, the so called "abstention line." 
Thus, this convention not only provides for cooperation in the con- 
servation of resources of common concern between the three countries, 
but also substantially limits Japan's take of salmon of North American 
origin and halibut from the eastern North Pacific Ocean. 
The International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Convention between 
Canada and the United States calls for the conservation and rehabil- 
itation of sockeye and pink salmon occurring in convention waters (the 
Frazer River of Canada, its tributaries and the territorial sea and high 
seas off the estuary). However, this convention goes beyond a strictly 
Management function to provide for an equal division of the catch of 
these two species of Pacific salmon between the United States and Canada 
within Convention waters. 
With respect to recent amendments (January 1, 1974) to the Inter- 
national Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, recent amend- 
ments (January 1, 1974) permit "economic and technical considerations," 
in addition to scientific considerations, to serve as the basis for 
joint action by contracting governments. These amendments in conjunc- 
tion with earlier amendments to the ICNAF Convention provide not only 
for the conservation but now the allocation of the fish stocks of the 
Northwest Atlantic among member nations, taking into account economic 
and technical considerations. 
But with these exceptions, the vast majority of bilateral and 
multilateral fishery conventions have been concerned almost solely with 
the conservation of the resources; i.e., the achievement of the maximum 
physical yield from the resource. This objective was reasonably well 
met in the early years of the conservation conventions and during the 
years following World War II. It was during the years from 1945 through 
about 1960 that these agreements achieved considerable success. The 
International Pacific Halibut Commission succeeded in rehabilitating 
depleted halibut stocks; the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries 
Commission has brought about a very substantial increase in the stocks 
of pink and red salmon of the Frazer River; the International North 
Pacific Fisheries Commission permitted the United States to rehabilitate 
stocks of salmon in Bristol Bay; and the International Commission for 
the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries was successful during its earlier years 
at conserving cod and other stocks of fish of the Northwest Atlantic. 
In recent year, however, as a result of the tremendous growth in fishing 
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