APPENDIX VI APPENDIX 
45 
if the treaty is not appropriately renegotiated within a reasonable 
period of time after the date of enactment of the legislation. With 
respect to the tri-nation International North Pacific Fisheries Com- 
mission (United States, Canada, and Japan), the United States is obli- 
gated to renegotiate this convention in such a manner as to gain recog- 
nition of the United States' exclusive management authority in the 
Northeastern Pacific Ocean over salmon and groundfish species of fish 
(flounder, Alaskan pollock, black cod, etc.) which have been under the 
study and a small measure of control by this Convention. 
The United States has already claimed jurisdiction under the 1958 
Continental Shelf Convention to king, tanner, and Dungeness crab and the 
American lobster, among other sedentary shellfish located on its conti- 
nental shelf. Therefore, these species will not be directly affected by 
the passage of the new Act. 
Canadian fishermen fish halibut, black cod, and salmon off the 
United States Pacific Northwest coast and the coast of Alaska, and 
scallops, herring, and some groundfish off the Atlantic coast of the 
United States. It will be necessary to negotiate an acceptable new 
bilateral arrangement with Canada since the United States fishermen, 
in turn, fish halibut, salmon, and groundfish in waters off Canada which 
will be under exclusive jurisdiction of Canada. }3 
With respect to Japan, the United States unilateral extension of 
jurisdiction will have a major effect on Japanese high seas fishing for 
salmon in waters off the Aleutian Islands, both north and south, and 
will bring the large and extensive Japanese bottomfish fisheries off the 
coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, the Gulf of Alaska, and the 
Bering Sea within the jurisdiction of the United States. The Japanese 
have, in addition, initiated a significant black cod fishery in the 
Northeastern Pacific Ocean, and this too will be affected by the legis- 
lation. Since there is no possibility of an adequate number of states 
ratifying a Law of the Sea Convention by March 1, 1977, and since 
renegotiations will have a major impact on Japanese fisheries, negotia- 
tions with Japan will undoubtedly proceed slowly and with difficulty. 
It seems unlikely any new agreement acceptable to Japan could conform 
absolutely with the provisions of the Fishery Conservation and Manage- 
ment Act. An alternative approach to the renegotiation of the INPFC 
treaty and the bilateral agreements with Japan would be to negotiate 
with a review toward providing greater control by the United States, 
with provisions for continued fishing for those species not fully 
utilized by the United States fishermen, but ignoring for the moment 
absolute Japanese acceptance of United States jurisdiction. 
Such problems are not expected to occur with regard to Canada, the 
other member of the INPFC. An acceptable reciprocal agreement with the 
United States should result with little difficulty. 
13canada has announced its intent to affect jurisdiction of a 
200-miles fishing zone on January 1, 1977. 
436 
VI 
