GERMANIC REGION. * 89 



1. Germanic Eegion. 



The whole of Northern Europe and Asia bounded by the 

 Pyreuees, Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus, and Altai, constitutes 

 Lilt one province, with a fauna by no means proportioned in 

 richness to its extent. * 



The land-snails amount to more than 200, but nearly all (or 

 at least five-sixths) are common to the Lusitanian region. f 



The fresh-water shells belong to these genera and sub 

 genera : — 



Limnsea 20 Velletia 1 Unio, sp. and vars. ... 20 



Amphipeplea 2 Neritina, vars 3 Anodon, vars 20 



Ph3'tfa 5 PaludinaandBithyiiia23 Alasmodon 3 



Aplexa 1 Valvata 5 Cyclas 6 



Planorbis 16 Conovulus (Alexia)... 3 Pisidium 11 



Ancylus 7 Driessena 1 



According to Eeeve, there are 199 British molluscs, of which 

 1*76 dwell on the land and 23 in the water. Of the species for- 

 merly thought peculiar. Pupa anglica and Helix fusca have been 

 found in France, and Helix lameUata in Holstein. Helix excavata 

 (Bean) is still unknown upon the Continent ; and Geomalacus 

 maculosus and Limncea involuta have only been met with in 

 the south-west of Ireland, but are possibly Lusitanian species. 

 Dreisena j^olymojyha has been permanently naturalised in canals 

 (p. 424 ), and Testacella Maugei and haliotidea in gardens ; Bu- 

 Irrmis decoUatus and Goodalli have been often established in 

 greenhouses. Some species are now very scarce in England 

 that were formerly abundant, as : — 



Clausilia plicatula. Vertigo Venetzii. Sueclnea oblonga. 



Vertigo minutissima. Helix lamellata Acitrula fusca. 



Others, which occur in the newer tertiary deposits, have 

 become quite extinct in England, such as : — 



' The mean temperature of the winter and summer months averages .36" — 67° ; in 

 Western Europe autumn rains prevail, and summer rains in Eastern Europe and 

 Siberia. 



t It was the opinion of Professor E. Forbes that nil the species of the Post-pliocene 

 land of Northern Europe and Asia had originated beyond the bounds of tliat region. 



