92 MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSC A. 



Sj^ria, having become extinct in the intervening countries. Two 

 species of Lithogh/phus inhabit the Danube ; Cyrena {Corbicula) 

 Panormitana is found in Sicily, two others in the Euphrates, 

 and C. consohrina in the Alexandrian Canal. 



The Lusitanian province includes numerous minor regions, 

 the islands and mountain tracts especially being centres or foci' 

 where a number of peculiar species are associated with those 

 living around. Thus, of species not as yet recorded from other 

 localities, Switzerland has 28, the Austrian Alps 46. Carpa- 

 thians 28, North Italy and Dalmatia 100, Eoumelia 20, Greece 

 and its Archipelago 90, Anatolia 50, Caucasia 20, Syria 30, 

 Lower Egyj^t and Algeria 60, Spain 26, and Portugal 15 

 Helicidoe and 9 Limacidce. 



Mediterranean Islands. 



Corfu, Cyprus, Ehodes, Syra, Candia, and Crete, have each a 

 few peculiar land- snails, amounting to 40 species altogether. 



Balearic Isles. — Helix Graellsiana, hispanica (var. balerica), 

 nyellii, minoricensis ; and Cyclostoma ferrugineum, common to 

 Sj)ain and Algeria. 



Corsica. — Helix Easpaili, tristis, Clausilia 4 sp. 



Sardinia. — Helix Sardiensis, meda, tenui-costata, Pupa 2, 

 Clausilia 1. 



Malta has 2 peculiar species of Helix, and a Clausilia [scalaris). 



Sicily has 40 jjeculiar species of Helices and 3 Limaces. This 

 island is connected with North Africa by a winding shoal with 

 deep water on each side. 



Madeira Group. 



These ancient volcanic islands, 660 miles south-west of Por- 

 tugal, consist of Madeira, with Eora and three other islets called 

 Dezertas, and Porto Santo, 26 miles to the north-east, with the 

 rocky islets Ferro, Baxo, and Cima.* The land-snails have 

 been described by the Eev. E. T. Lowe,t and form the sub- 

 ject of a monograph by Dr. Albers.J The investigations of 

 Mr. Vernon Wollaston have nearly doubled the number of 

 known species, which now amount to 134. The Vitrince belong 



* These islands, and also the Canaries and Azores, contain marine fonnations 

 (volcanic grits and tufas) witJi Miocene Tertiary shells. The islet of Baxo is quarried 

 for lime. 



t Primitiffi et novitise Faunae et Florse Maderae et Portiis Sancti. 12mo. Lond., 1851' 

 Descriptive list of all the species, by same author, Zool. Proc, for 1854, p. 161. The 

 statements and numbers given above are taken from this last monograph, corrected by 

 Mr. Wollaston. 



i Malacographia Maderensis, 4to. Berlin, 1854, with figures of all the species. 



