PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 101 



The fresh-water shells belong to the genera LImnsea, Physa, 

 2 species (not found on the Continent) ; Planorbis, Melania, 

 Tanalia 10 (peculiar), Paludomus, Bithynia, AmpuUaria, Neri- 

 tina, Navicella, Unio, and Cyrena. 



At the Nicobar Islands are found — Cataulus tortuosus, Heli- 

 cina Nicobarica and Pupina Nicobarica. Helix castanea is from 

 Sumatra. (Beck.) 



7. China and Japan. 



The few land- snails known from China are of Indian and 

 Lusitanian types ; viz. — Helix 20, Nanina 10, Streptaxis 1, 

 (Cochin-China), Bulimus 5, Achatina 2, Pupa 1, Clausilia 11, 

 Succinea 1, HeUcarion 6, Cyclophorus 1, Cyclotus 1, Otopoma 1. 

 In the Island of Chusan Dr. Cantor discovered the genera 

 Lampania and Indlaria. The most characteristic bivalves are 

 Glaucomya Sinensis, and Symphyjiota pUcata ; 3 species (or 

 varieties) of Cyrena and 9 Corbiculas are described by Deshayes, 

 and a Planorhis by Dunker. 



In the Japanese and Loo-choo Islands only 9 species of Helix, 

 2 of Nanina, 2 of Clausilia, and 2 of Helicarion have been 

 hitherto obtained. • 



8. Philippine Islands. 



The extraordinary richness of these islands has been developed 

 mainly by the researches of Mr. Cuming. The Helicidce (above 

 300) are inferior in number only to those of Lusitania and the 

 Antilles, and vastly superior in size and beauty of colouring. 

 The Cydostomidce (55) are not much fewer than in India. Nearly 

 all the species are confined to particular islands, and the repeti- 

 tion of forms makes it probable that many of them are geogra- 

 phical varieties. The climate is equable, with a temperature 

 like that of South China (66° — 84°), woods are prevalent and 

 the rains heavy — all circumstances favourable to the individual 

 abundance of land-snails. 



Helix 160 Clausilia 1 Cyclotui 6 



Nanina 40 Vitrina 18 Megalomastoma I 



Helicarion? 3 Cyclopaorus 15 Pupina 9 



Bulimus 105 Leptopoma 16 Helicina 7 



The Helices belong in great part to the section Callicochlias 

 (Ag.) and Helicostyla (mirabilis) Per. Some with sharply-keeled 

 whorls have been called Geotrochi (Iberus of Albers). The 

 Bui i mi are chiefly of the section Orthostylus (Beck), large and 



