BEACHIOPODA. 



389 



Crania ; and three pair of adjuster muscles for keeping the 

 valves opposed to each other. Some of these are probably- 

 inserted in the pedicle. The oral cirri are extremely tender and 

 flexible, contrasting with thj stiff and brittle setce of the mantle, 



sspy 



F.g. 197. l>oisal. Fig. 198. Ventral lobe. 



Discina lamellosn, Brod. ^ 

 w, umbo ; /, foramen ; d, disk ; a, anterior adductors ; a\ posterior adductors ; 

 c, c', central and posterior adjusters ; r, external adjusters. The mantle-fringe is not 

 represented in Fig. 198. 



which are themselves setose like the bristles of certein annelides 

 {e.(j the sea-mouse, Aphrodite). The relation of the animal to 

 the perforate and imperforate valves is shown to be the same as 

 in Terehratula, by the labial fringe ; but the only process which 

 can possibly have afforded support to the oral arms is developed 

 from the centre of the ventral valve, as in Crania. Baron 

 Eyckholt has represented a Devonian fossil from Belgium, with 

 a fringed border; but if this shell is the Crania ohsoleta of 

 Goldfuss, the fringe must belong to the shell, and not to the 

 mantle. 



Bistrihution, 10 species. West Africa, Malacca, Peru, and 

 Panama. 



Fossil, 64 species. Silurian — . Europe, United States, 

 Falkland Islands. 



In some species the valves are equally convex, a^d the 

 foramen occupies the end of a narrow groove. 



Suh-genus. Trematis, Sharpe. (=Orbicella, D'Orbiguy.) 

 T. terminalis, Emmons. Yalves convex, superficially^ punctate; 

 dorsal valve with a thickened hinge-margin (and three diverg- 

 ing plates, indicated on casts. — Sharpe). Fossil, 14 species. 

 Lower and Upper Silurian. North America and Europe. 



