RODENTIA—SCIURINAE—SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS. 261 
greater than in southern, corresponding alterations take place in all, as well as the other changes 
indicated, except that the black and dusky varieties are seldom seen in the south. 
In all the gray, black, and dusky squirrels I have seen, the small upper molar anterior to 
the series (of five) is persistent throughout. There are slight variations in different specimens 
of the same series, but I cannot realize the characters distinguishing the S. migratorius and 
carolinensis of Bachman. An examination of a large number from the same locality shows 
great differences, especially in the length and width of the muzzle and its several bones, 
All the American fox squirrels I have seen show but four upper molars. 
Under the supposition, as stated in the preceding pages, that the two gray squirrels described 
by Bachman are really no more than local varieties in size of one species of different latitudes, 
and that the black and dusky northern squirrels are also the same, I have arranged the 
synonyms under the three heads of small gray, large gray, and black or dusky squirrel. It 
appears that Gmelin was the first to characterize the small gray squirrel under the name of 
S. carolinensis. Other authors applied the name of S. cinereus, properly belonging to a different 
species, to both varieties, as, indeed, was done with the S. carolinensis. In 1839, Gapper 
described the northern gray as S. leucotis, to which Audubon and Bachman, in 1849, added the 
name of S. migratorius. 
The name of ‘‘ Sciwrus niger, Linn.’’ has been very erroneously assigned to the black variety 
of this species, instead of being restricted as a synomym to the black variety of S. vulpinus. 
The first name actually assigned to the black gray squirrel was S. pennsylvanicus, of Ord. 
I have given the Sciwrus fuliginosus of Bachman as a synonym of 8. carolinensis, believing it 
to be nothing more than the dusky variety of the southern gray. It is very similar in all 
respects but size to the black squirrels of the north, and the annulation of the under fur is 
quite enough to indicate that it is a variety, and not a distinct and permanent species. The 
fact that no such variety has been detected in the south Atlantic States is no evidence to the 
contrary, as these varieties of color and size are more or less local, and black or even dusky 
varieties of the northern gray squirrel seldom, if ever, occur in eastern Pennsylvania, Mary- 
land, or Virginia. Besides, we know so little of the zoology of Florida and Georgia, that a 
small dusky squirrel might abound there, and not yet have been brought to the notice of the 
naturalist. 
The range of this species is indicated, as far as I can speak with precision, by the accompa- 
nying list of specimens. 
