372 U. Ss. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
that the ‘‘ animal has no tail, no ears, eyes covered by the skin, and four toes to all the feet.’’ 
This is, of course, entirely erroneous, and renders it necessary to avoid this name. The genus 
Geomys is, however, sufficiently characterized in the next paragraph to answer very well for 
this group, and must be adopted. The genera succeeding, in point of date, though all suffi- 
ciently appropriate to the gophers, are, of course, superseded by Geomys. 
The following brief synopsis may serve to facilitate the determination of species of Geomys. 
A. UPPER INCISOR WITH TWO GROOVES. 
Upper incisor with two grooves, a narrow one near the inner edge, and a deep wide one on or 
external to the central line of the tooth. Fore feet longer than the hinder, owing to the great 
development of the fore claws. 
1. Inner groove always distinct ; large groove partly involving the central line of 
the incisor. Size large, 7 to 8 inches, fore feet exceeding 13 inches, its longest 
Glan three-quarters Of an, Inch: ,.<s.cssasenss¢axe Jonas vanascnnesrcapce ceases datmnsrcing pinnae Oana 
2. Similar to the last, but smaller, 5 to 6 inches; fore feet less than 1} inches; its 
longest, claw scarcely over half an. inchs. sasevsnpje-cnesocenteosscrignssanseaseoneyseanas sep, DECULCEDBs 
3. Inner groove obsolete in old age ; large groove situated external to the central line pinetis. 
B. Upper INCISOR WITH ONE GROOVE. 
Upper incisor with one large groove exactly in the central portion of the tooth. Fore feet 
not longer, or not as long, as the hinder. 
4. Color nearly uniform yellowish DrOWD.......00-+...cseoccevseaccecsseecosncassascsacsacseccncs CLOTRUs 
5. Color, yellowish brown. Sides of face and head chestnut..............:seesecreeesseeee COStANODS. 
6. Color, dark reddish chestnut. Hair very stiff..........:.....ce-sccsscacceccessscccccneses MMSDUOUS. 
7. Very large size. Grayish brown. Hair soft........-...ceecsecssensereseeacccssceccsssseees MEXICONMUS. 
GEOMYS BURSARIUS. 
Pouched Gopher. 
Mus bursarius, Soaw, Linnaean Transactions, V, 1800, 237.—Is. Gen. Zool. II, 1801, 100; pl. cxxxyiii. 
Mircuit, Am. Jour. Sc. IV, 1822, 183. 
Cricetus bursarius, ‘‘ DesM. Nouv. Dict. XIV, 177.’’ Is. Mamm. II, 1822, 312. 
Garirr. Cuyv. II, 1827, 138; plate.—In. V, 1827, 235. 
‘““B. Cuy. Dict. des Sc. Nat. XX, 257.’’ 
Saccophorus bursarius, Kuen, Beitrage, 1820, 65. 
Fiscner, Synopsis, 1829, 304. 
Pseudostoma bursarius, Sax, Long’s Exped. R. Mts. I, 1823, 406. 
Hanrwan, Fauna Amer, 1825,153. 
Gopman, Am. N. H. II, 90. 
. Avup. & Bacu. N. Am. Quad. I, 1849, 332; pl. xliv. 
Geomys bursarius, Ricu. F, Bor. Am. I, 1829, 203. 
Ascomys bursarius, Expoux Er Gervais, Voyage de la Favorite, V, 1839, 23. 
? Mus ludovicianus, Ord, Gutbrie’s Geog. 2d Am. ed. II, 1815,292. (Not determinable.) 
Mus saccatus, Mirrcnitz, N. Y. Medical Repository, XXI, Jan. to June 1821, 249. (From west of Lake Superior. 
Plumbago colored var.) , 
Ascomys canadensis, Licut. Abh. Berl. Akad. 1825, 13; fig. 
Brants, Muizen, 1827, 24. ; 
Waener, Suppl. Schreb. III, 1843, 383.—Is. Abh. K. Baier. Akad. Munchen, XXII, 1846, 
327 (figure of skeleton). 
Geomys canadensis, Leconte, Pr. Phil. Ac. N. Sc. VI, 1852, 158. 
1 « Feet short, all with five toes and nails; those of the fore feet very long. Mouth asin the genus Cricetus, and with 
exterior pouches. ‘Tail round and naked.’’—(Rafinesque, Am. Month, Magazine, 11, 1817, 45.) 
